A literature review of Faroese fjords and straits Núverandi vitan um føroyskar firðir og sund
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Published
Jun 22, 2026
Gunnvør á Norði
Sissal Vágsheyg Erenbjerg
Jacobsen Sólvá
Hjálmar Hátún
Erna Lava Olsen
í Homrum Eydna
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-6007
Sissal Vágsheyg Erenbjerg
Jacobsen Sólvá
Hjálmar Hátún
Erna Lava Olsen
í Homrum Eydna
Abstract
The knowledge on hydrography and productivity in Faroese fjords is scattered with a lot of grey literature and datasets that have not been published. In this compilation of work on Faroese fjords and straits an attempt has been made to summarize the existing knowledge with emphasis on the pelagic food web from hydrographic settings to fish. This overview is primarily based on searches in Google Scholar, publication lists from Havstovan and Firum and a literature list compiled by Eyðfinn Magnussen, in connection with the activity of the working group “Firðir and dálking”. This paper is divided into two parts, starting with a description of the knowledge on Faroese fjords with emphasis on the pelagic food web, from geographic settings and hydrography to fish. Regarding zooplankton in fjords there is existing data but to our knowledge there are no published reports or papers, thus some data analysis and visualization has been conducted. The last part of this paper is a bibliography of research in Faroese fjords and straits encompassing a broad range of scientific fields relevant to the ecology of Faroese fjords and straits including the benthic environment, birds and mammals. The literature is grouped according to its respective field of study and DOI or link to webpages are included when available.
Úrtak
Vitanin um føroyskar firðir og sund er savnað á nógvum ymiskum stovnum, er spjødd og nógv tilfar er ongantíð útgivið. Við hesum yvirliti er ein roynd gjørd at taka saman um tað tilfar sum finst um føroyskar firðir við serligum denti á pelagisku føðiketuna frá hydrografiskum viðurskiftum til fisk. Yvirlitið byggir fyrst og fremst á leitingar í Google Scholar, útgávulistar frá Firum og Havstovuni og á eitt yvirlit, sum Eyðfinn Magnussen hevur sett saman í sambandi við arbeiðið hjá arbeiðsbólkinum “Firðir og dálking”. Greinin er býtt í tveir partar. Fyrri partur lýsir verandi vitan um føroyskar firðir, har dentur er lagdur á pelagisku føðiketuna. Viðvíkjandi djóraæti í firðum finnast dátur, men okkum vitandi eru ongar útgivnar frágreiðingar ella vísindaligar greinar um hetta. Tí hava vit viðgjørt dátur og gjørt grafar um djóraæti á firðum. Viðgerðin av hinum evnunum byggir á útgivnar frágreiðingar og greinar. Annar partur av greinini er ein listi við útgivnum tilfari, sum fevnir breitt um evni, sum hava týdning fyri vistfrøðina í firðum og sundum, herundir botnviðurskifti, fuglar og súgdjór. Í listanum eru greinar og frágreiðingar bólkaðar í evni og DOI ella leinki til heimasíðu eru tikin við, har tey eru tøk.
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Keywords
Fjord, strait, hydrography, phytoplankton, zooplankton, Literature overview, firðir, sund, hydrografi, plantuæti, djóraæti, heimildayvirlit
References
A bibliography of environmental and biological research in Faroese fjords and straits.
This bibliography is primarily based on searches in Google Scholar, publication lists from Havstovan and Firum and a literature list compiled by Eyðfinn Magnussen, in connection with the activity of the working group “Firðir and dálking” (Gaard et al. 2007). Reports and technical documents at Havstovan and Firum that describe individual measurements or present partial results are not included. Many of the included references address conditions on the inner Faroe Shelf rather than within fjords and straits. The bibliography is divided into subjects as best as possible, and in some cases where the entry clearly belongs to two different subjects, they are listed twice. The Bib Tex bibliography file can be found at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19812003
General Ecology
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Bathymetry and seabed mapping
Hansen, B. (1990). Dýpi og skap á føroysku gáttarfirðunum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 67–98). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Bruntse, G. & Tendal, O. S. (2001). Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands. Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory. https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/217806.pdf
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Benthic invertebrates
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Boisen-Bennicke, S. A. (1968). Supplement to Polychæta. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XVI; pp. 1–6).
Boschma, H. (1937). Rhizocephala. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXVIII; pp. 1–3).
Bloch, D., Hansen, B., Joensen, H. P. & Poulsen, M. (1986). Fjarðakanningar 1985 Kanningarúrslit (p. 343).
Bruntse, G., Lein, T. E. & Nielsen, R. (1999). Marine benthic algae and invertebrate communities from the shallow waters of the Faroe Islands: A base line study (pp. 1–117). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
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Bruntse, G. & Tendal, O. S. (2001). A bibliography of benthic marine invertebrates of the Faroese Exclusive Economic Zone. In G. Bruntse & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands(pp. 56–82). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
Bruun, A. F. (1928). Marine Hirudinea. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XVIII; pp. 1–5).
Brændegaard, J. (1928). Araneina. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part II (XLVII; pp. 1–28).
Brøndsted, H. V. (1942). Marine Spongia. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part I (III; pp. 1–34).
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Hansen, J. F. G. (2010). Chaetopterus sp. (Polychaeta Chaetopteridae) from the Faroe Islands, compared to species likely to inhabit the area, BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2010:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Josefson, A. S. (2001). Macrofauna in soft sediments on the Faroe shelf. In G. Bruntse & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands (pp. 39–43). https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/217812.pdf
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Seaweed
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Bruntse, G., Lein, T. E. & Nielsen, R. (1999). Marine benthic algae and invertebrate communities from the shallow waters of the Faroe Islands: A base line study (pp. 1–117). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
Bruntse, G., Lein, T. E., Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (1999). Response to wave exposure by littoral species in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 47, 181–198. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/747
Irvine, D. E. G. (1982). Seaweeds of the Faroes. 1: The flora. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany, 10, 109–131.
Jacobsen, S., Jacobsen, Á., Mols-Mortensen, A., Johannesen, Á., Egholm, E., Hansen, J. F. & í Homrum, E. (2025). Macroalgal forests as nursery habitats for saithe and cod in the Faroe Islands (No. 25–04; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/46578446/TecRep2504.pdf
Lein, T. E., Stige, L. C. & Bruntse, G. (2001). Dominant species abundance related to environmental factors on rocky shores in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 48, 105–124. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/760
Mols-Mortensen, A. (2014). The foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in the northern part of the north Atlantic and the relationship with the north Pacific foliose Bangiales – Diversity, distribution, phylogeny and phylogeography [Phdthesis, University of New Hampshire]. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2163
Mols-Mortensen, A. (2002). Sublittorale makroalgesamfund på Suðuroy: tre lokaliteter med forskellig eksponeringsgrad (Bathesis 2002:09; NVD Rit). University of the Faroe Islands.
Mortensen, A. M., Neefus, C. D. & Brodie, J. (2009). Cryptic diversity in Porphyra linearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 48, 249.
Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (2001). Seaweeds of the Faroe Islands: An annotated checklist. Fróðskaparrit, 49, 45–108. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/769
Pedersen, P. M. & Brodie, J. (2012). New insights into the biodiversity and generic relationships of foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in Iceland and the Faroe Islands. European Journal of Phycology, 47(2), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2012.666678
Wegeberg, S., Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (2001). Coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) of the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 49, 37–43. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/768
Hydrography
Á Norði, G., Paturson, Ø. (2017). Estuarine circulation, influenced by weather conditions [Poster] https://firum.fo/media/bghne4tr/fjardarak.pdf
Bloch, D., Hansen, B., Joensen, H. P. & Poulsen, M. (1986). Fjarðakanningar 1985 Kanningarúrslit (p. 343).
Eliasen, S. K., Hansen, B., Larsen, K. M. H. & Hátún, H. (2016). The exchange of water between the Faroe Shelf and the surrounding waters and its effect on the primary production. Journal of Marine Systems, 153, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.08.004
Erenbjerg, S. V. (2020). Avfall í Sundalagnum og hjáliggjandi firðum (No. 2020–02; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19607815
Erenbjerg, S. V., Albretsen, J., Simonsen, K., Olsen, E. L., Kaas, E. & Hansen, B. (2021). A tidally driven fjord-like strait close to an amphidromic region. Ocean Science, 17(6), 1639–1655. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1639-2021
Hansen, B. (1980). On the water renewal of Faroese fjords and sounds. In Studies in physical oceanography: Papers dedicated to Professor Nils G. Jerlov in commemoration of his seventieth birthday. (Vol. 42, pp. 91–104). Københavns universitet. Institut for fysisk oceanografi. https://fao.reindex.net/FAOUTL/main/T.php?Ifm=Pz&ColSearch=0&qe=On+the+Water+Renewal+of+Faroese+Fjords+and+Sound+hansen
Hansen, B. & Meincke, J. (1984). Long-term coastal sea surface temperature observations at the Faroe Islands. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux Des Réunions Du Conseil International Pour l’Exploration de La Mer, 185, 162–169.
Hansen, B. (1988). Sjóvarfallið 1. partur. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 5; pp. 39–71). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524019/Fiskirannsoknir_5.pdf
Hansen, B. (1990). Rák og útskifting í ovaru løgunum á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 99–121). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Hansen, B. (2001). Havið. Føroya skúlabókagrunnur.
Hansen, B. (2013). Final report on the research programme on Climate and Ocean Currents around the Faroe Islands 2008–2012 (No. 13–06; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2013/TechRep1306.pdf
Hansen, B. (2018). Bottom temperature and echo-sounder corrections around the Faroe Plateau (No. 18–02; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2018/TechRep1802.pdf
Hansen, B. (2018). Botnhitin kring Føroyar (No. 18–03; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/44273249/Sm_Rit1803.pdf
Johannesen, T. T., Andreasen, B. & á Norði, G. (2019). Greining av streymmátingunum í verkætlanini “Aldu- og streymviðurskiftini á føroysku alafirðunum” (No. 2019–22; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://www.us.fo/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Greining_streymmatingum_Fiskaaling_13-03-2020.pdf
Larsen, K. M. H. (1999). Current meter observations in Faroese inshore waters 1979–1998 (No. 99–03; Technical Report). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/TecRep9903.pdf
Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B., Svendsen, H. & Simonsen, K. (2002). The front on the Faroe Shelf (ICES CM 2002/P:10). ICES. https://www.pure.fo/en/publications/the-front-on-the-faroe-shelf
Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B. & Svendsen, H. (2008). Faroe Shelf Water. Continental Shelf Research, 28(14), 1754–1768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.04.006
Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B. & Svendsen, H. (2009). The Faroe Shelf Front: Properties and exchange. Journal of Marine Systems, 78(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.02.003
Larsen, K. M. H. (2009). Circulation and exchange of water masses on the Faroe Shelf and the impact on the Shelf ecosystem [PhD thesis, University of Bergen]. https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/3449
Rasmussen, T. A. S., Olsen, S. M., Hansen, B., Hátún, H. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2014). The Faroe shelf circulation and its potential impact on the primary production. Continental Shelf Research, 88, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.07.014
Simonsen, K., Joensen, E. & Erenbjerg, S. V. (2018). Sundalagið – Samandráttur av hydrografiskum mátingunum árini 2013–2017 (No. 2018–01; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://firum.fo/media/ylynuece/2018-01_hydrografisundalagid_endalig-compressed.pdf
Simonsen, K. & Gislason, E. (2002). Streymald: Tøknifrágreiðing – ein teldutøk streym, aldu og dýpdarkunningarskipan fyri Føroyar (2002:05; NVD Rit). University of the Faroe Islands.
Østerø, S. L., Erenbjerg, S. V., Johannesen, T. T., Olsen, E. L. & á Norði, G. (2022). Fjarðarannsókn: Kaldbaksfjørður (No. 2022–03; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://zenodo.org/records/10200773
Pelagic microalgae and nutrients
Bonitz, F. G. W., Andersson, C., Trofimova, T. & Hátún, H. (2018). Links between phytoplankton dynamics and shell growth of Arctica islandica on the Faroe Shelf. Journal of Marine Systems, 179, 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.11.005
Debes, H., Eliasen, K. & Gaard, E. (2008). Seasonal variability in copepod ingestion and egg production on the Faroe shelf. Hydrobiologia, 600(1), 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9238-3
Debes, H., Gaard, E. & Hansen, B. (2008). Primary production on the Faroe shelf: Temporal variability and environmental influences. Journal of Marine Systems, 74(1–2), 686–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.004
Djurhuus, A., Jørgensen, J., Hátún, H., Debes, H. H. & Christiansen, D. H. (2015). Seasonal progression of microbial communities on the Faroe shelf. Marine Biology Research, 11(9), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2015.1041532
Eliasen, S. K. & Hansen, B. (2003). Light in Faroese Waters (No. 03–01; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/33439699/TecRep0301.pdf
Eliasen, S. K., Gaard, E., Hansen, B. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2005). A “horizontal Sverdrup mechanism” may control the spring bloom around small oceanic islands and over banks. Journal of Marine Systems, 56(3–4), 352–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.03.005
Eliasen, S. K., Hátún, H., Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B. & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2017). Phenologically distinct phytoplankton regions on the Faroe Shelf – identified by satellite data, in-situ observations and model. Journal of Marine Systems, 169, 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.01.015
Eliasen, S. K., Hátún, H., Larsen, K. M. H. & Jacobsen, S. (2017). Faroe shelf bloom phenology – The importance of ocean-to-shelf silicate fluxes. Continental Shelf Research, 143, 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.004
Eliasen, S. K., Hátún, H., Larsen, K. M. H., Vang, H. B. M. & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2019). The Faroe shelf spring bloom onset explained by a ‘Critical Volume Hypothesis’. Journal of Marine Systems, 194, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.02.005
Gaard, E. & Poulsen, M. (1988). Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata in a Faroese fjord (ICES CM 1988/L:6). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/1988/L/1988_L6.pdf
Gaard, E. & Poulsen, M. (1990). Tøðevni og gróðrarlíkindi hjá plantuæti. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 122–155). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., Hansen, B. & Poulsen, M. (1992). Ecological studies of phytoplankton in a Faroese Fjord (ICES CM 1992/L:3). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/1992/L/1992_L3.pdf
Gaard, E. & Sørensen, J. (2004). Eutrofieringskanningar. In B. Mikkelsen, K. Hoydal, M. Dam & J. Danielsen (Eds.), Føroya umhvørvi í tølum 2003 (pp. 57–62). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvstovan. https://hfs.fo/webcenter/ShowProperty?nodeId=/hfs2-cs/HFS017892//idcPrimaryFile&revision=latestreleased
Gaard, E., Norði, G. Á. & Simonsen, K. (2011). Environmental effects on phytoplankton production in a Northeast Atlantic fjord, Faroe Islands. Journal of Plankton Research, 33, 947–959. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq156
Hansen, B. & Poulsen, M. (1987). Eutrophication in the Faroe Island fjords. In 22 Nordiska symposiet om vattenforskning: Vol. 1987:1. Nordforsk Miljøvårdsserien.
Hansen, B., Eliasen, S. K., Gaard, E. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2005). Climatic effects on plankton and productivity on the Faroe Shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62, 1224–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.04.014
Hansen, B., Gaard, E., Debes, H. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2010). Abrupt interruptions in the spring bloom on the Faroe Shelf. In S. A. Bengtson, P. Buckland, P. H. Enckell & A. M. Fossa (Eds.), Dorete – her Book (Vol. 52, pp. 21–35). Fróðskapur – Faroe University Press.
Jacobsen, Á. & Jacobsen, E. (2021). Samanbering av mikroalgum á landgrunninum og á aliøkjunum hjá Hiddenfjord (No. 2021–02; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling.
Jacobsen, Á., Jacobsen, E. & Dam, M. (2020). Gróður og ávísar mikroalgur í føroyskum firðum í 2020 (No. 2020–20; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling.
Matras, U. (2011). Annual variation in productivity on the Faroe Shelf during the 20th century (No. 11–04; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2011/Smarit1104.pdf
Moestrup, Ø. & Hansen, P. J. (1988). On the occurrence of the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (= Gonyaulax excavata) and A. ostenfeldii in Danish and Faroese waters. Ophelia, 28(3), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1988.10430813
Mortensen, Á. (1985). Ovurstórur fiskadeyði í alibrúki á Tjaldavík orsakaður av einum Gonyaulax excavata algublóma. Fróskaparrit, 33, 42–49. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/577
Mortensen, A. M. (1985). Massive fish mortalities in the Faroe Islands caused by a Gonyaulax excavata red tide. In D. M. Anderson, A. W. White & D. G. Baden (Eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates (pp. 165–170). Elsevier.
Mortensen, K. (1990). Keldur til nitrogen, fosfor og lívrunnin evni í Skálafirði, Sundalagnum norðan fyri Streymin og Kaldbaksfirði. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 287–309). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Bach, H. & Jensen, J. K. (1987). Skálafjørður og Sundini 1985. Belastning og tilstand (p. 166 pp + bilag). Vandkvalitetsinstituttet. https://fao.reindex.net/FAOUTL/main/T.php?Ifm=Pz&ColSearch=0&zoomed=&qe=Skaale+Fjord+og+Sundene
Salter, I., Eliasen, S. K. & Jacobsen, S. (2020). Variability in the relationship between in situ fluorescence and chlorophyll-a concentration in Faroese waters (2002–2019): Recommendations for database management (No. 20–02; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2020/TechRep2002.pdf
Zooplankton
Debes, H. D., Hansen, B. W. & Hansen, P. J. (2005). The relative importance of protozooplankton and copepods as grazers on phytoplankton during the 1999 spring bloom on the Faroe Shelf. Fróðskaparrit, 53, 82–99. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/300
Debes, H. H. & Eliasen, K. (2006). Seasonal abundance, reproduction and development of four key copepod species on the Faroe Shelf. Marine Biology Research, 2(4), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000600798787
Gaard, E. (1998). Broytingar í æti á føroyska landgrunninum. In E. Gaard, J. Reinert & B. Thomsen (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 8; pp. 18–33). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/files/42522821/Fiskirannsoknir_8.pdf
Gaard, E. (1999). The zooplankton community structure in relation to its biological and physical environment on the Faroe Shelf, 1987–1997. Journal of Plankton Research, 21(6), 1133–1152. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.6.1133
Gaard, E. (2000). Seasonal abundance and development of Calanus finmarchicus in relation to phytoplankton and hydrography on the Faroe Shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57(6), 1605–1611. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0963
Gaard, E. & Hansen, B. (2000). Variations in the advection of Calanus finmarchicus onto the Faroe Shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57(6), 1612–1618. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0962
Gaard, E. (2003). Plankton variability on the Faroe shelf during the 1990s. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 219, 182–189. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19271789
Jacobsen, S., Gaard, E., Larsen, K. M. H., Eliasen, S. K. & Hátún, H. (2018). Temporal and spatial variability of zooplankton on the Faroe shelf in spring 1997–2016. Journal of Marine Systems, 177, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.08.004
Jacobsen, S., Hansen, B. & Sørensen, D. (2020). Assessment of weekly zooplankton monitoring at coastal station S on the Faroe Shelf (No. 20–05; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2020/TechRep2005.pdf
Lund-Hansen, L. C., Gaard, E. & Debes, H. (2009). Optical properties and optical constituents of the Faroe Islands shelf and off-shelf waters, North East Atlantic. Hydrobiologia, 636(1), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9957-8
Fish
Faroese Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs (2007). NASCO Implementation Plan for Atlantic Salmon Management in the Faroe Islands (IP(07)22 FINAL; NASCO Implementation Plans, First Reporting Cycle). North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO). https://nasco.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IP_Faroes.pdf
Bertelsen, E. (1942). Contributions to the biology of the coalfish (Gadus virens L.) in Faroese waters – with special regards to the youngest age groups. In Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser, serien Fiskeri (Vol. 11, pp. 3–69). C. A. Reitzels Forlag.
Eliasen, K. (2008). Sandeel on the Faroe Shelf (No. 08–02; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory.
Eliasen, K., Reinert, J., Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Grønkjær, P. & Christensen, J. T. (2009). Mortality of juvenile sandeel on the Faroe Shelf due to food limitation (ICES CM 2009/T:05). https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM%20Doccuments/CM-2009/T/T0509.pdf
Eliasen, K., Reinert, J., Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Jacobsen, J. A., Grønkjær, P. & Christensen, J. T. (2011). Sandeel as a link between primary production and higher trophic levels on the Faroe shelf. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 438, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09301
Eliasen, K. (2013). Sandeel, Ammodytes spp., as a link between climate and higher trophic levels on the Faroe shelf [PhD thesis, University of Aarhus]. https://hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PhD_thesis_sandeel.pdf
Eliasen, K., Johannesen, U. V., Petersen, S. I. & Bergkvist, K. S. G. (2021). Annual report – The sea trout project (No. 2021–01; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://firum.fo/media/v0mmmsyv/2021-01-sea-trout-project-annual-report-2020.pdf
Eliasen, K., Johannesen, U. V., Petersen, S. I. & Bergkvist, K. S. G. (2022). Annual report 2021 – The sea trout project (No. 2022–01; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://firum.fo/media/avunvvlq/2022-01_annual-report-2021-the-sea-trout-project.pdf
Eliasen, K. & Johannesen, U. V. (2021). The increased occurrence of Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) in the Faroe Islands. BioInvasions Records, 10(2), 390–395. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2021.10.2.17
Gaard, E. & Steingrund, P. (2000). Reproduction of the Faroe Plateau cod: Spawning grounds, egg advection and larval feeding. Fróðskaparrit, 48, 87–103. https://doi.org/10.18602/fsj.v48i.759
Gaard, E. & Reinert, J. (2002). Pelagic cod and haddock juveniles on the Faroe Plateau: Distribution, diets and feeding habitats, 1994–1996. Sarsia, 87(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364820260294833
Hansen, L. P. & Jacobsen, J. A. (2003). Origin and migration of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in oceanic areas north of the Faroe Islands. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1006/JMSC.2002.1324
Jacobsen, S., Gaard, E., Hátún, H., Steingrund, P., Larsen, K. M. H., Reinert, J., Ólafsdóttir, S. R., Poulsen, M. & Vang, H. B. M. (2019). Environmentally driven ecological fluctuations on the Faroe Shelf revealed by fish juvenile surveys. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 559. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00559
Jacobsen, S., Nielsen, K. K., Kristiansen, R., Grønkjær, P., Gaard, E. & Steingrund, P. (2020). Diet and prey preferences of larval and pelagic juvenile Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua). Marine Biology, 167(8), 122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03727-5
Jacobsen, S., Jacobsen, Á., Mols-Mortensen, A., Johannesen, Á., Egholm, E., Hansen, J. F. & í Homrum, E. (2025). Macroalgal forests as nursery habitats for saithe and cod in the Faroe Islands (No. 25–04; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/46578446/TecRep2504.pdf
Jákupstovu, S. H. S. (1988). Expoitation and migration of Salmon in Faroese waters. In D. Mills & D. Piggins (Eds.), Atlantic Salmon (pp. 438–457). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1235-9_25
Joensen, J. S. & Tåning, V. (1970). Marine and freshwater fishes. In A. S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), Reprinted from the Zoology of the Faroes (p. 241). Carlsberg Fund.
Ottosen, K. M., Pedersen, M. W., Eliasen, S. K., Steingrund, P., Magnussen, E. & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2017). Migration patterns of the Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua, L.) revealed by data storage tags. Fisheries Research, 195, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.06.014
Ottosen, K. M., Steingrund, P., Magnussen, E. & Payne, M. R. (2018). Distribution and timing of spawning Faroe Plateau cod in relation to warming spring temperatures. Fisheries Research, 198, 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.10.022
Simonsen, K. & Joensen, M. M. (2003). Teldutøk fiskimið: ein verkætlan, sum partvíst er fíggjað av Fiskivinnuroyndir undir Fiskimláaráðnum. NVDrit, 2003:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Steingrund, P., Ofstad, L. H. & Olsen, D. H. (2003). Effect of recruitment, individual weights, fishing effort, and fluctuating longline catchability on the catch of Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the period 1989–1999. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 219, 418–420. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19271948
Steingrund, P., Clementsen, D. H. & Mouritsen, R. (2009). Higher food abundance reduces the catchability of cod (Gadus morhua) to longlines on the Faroe Plateau. Fisheries Research, 100(3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.08.002
Steingrund, P. (2009). The near-collapse of the Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua L.) stock in the 1990s: The effect of food availability on spatial distribution, recruitment, natural production and fishery [Phdthesis, University of Bergen]. https://hdl.handle.net/1956/3697
Steingrund, P. & Kristiansen, S. (2013). Toskur og hýsa á innaru leiðum(No. 13–04; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/44368444/Sm_Rit1304.pdf
Tåning, Å. V. (1939). Fiskeforsøg eftir Rødtunger ved Færøerne i 1939. In Danmarkfiskeri og havundersøgelser.
Mammals and birds
Bloch et al. 2011 have compiled a comprehensive list of references on terrestrial invertebrates, freshwater animals, birds and marine mammals. For a substantially more comprehensive bibliography on mammals and birds in the Faroe Islands, please also refer to their work.
Bengtson, S.-A. & Bloch, D. (1983). Island land bird population densities in relation to island size and habitat quality on the Faroe Islands. Oikos, 41(3), 507–522. https://doi.org/10.2307/3544110
Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Zachariassen, M. & Christensen, I. (1996). The northern bottlenose whale in the Faroe Islands, 1584–1993. Journal of Zoology, 239(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05441.x
Bloch, D., Dahl, M. D., Magnussen, E. & Skaaning, S. B. (2011). Zoological reference list of the Faroe Islands. Føroya Náttúrugripasavn. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41601718/ZoologicalReferenceListOfTheFaroeIslands.pdf
Danielsen, J. (2001). Reproductive performance in a population of individually marked Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) on the Faroe Islands [MS thesis, University of Lund]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30519.52641
Danielsen, J., Van Franeker, J. A., Olsen, B. & Bengtson, S. A. (2010). Preponderance of mesopelagic fish in the diet of the Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) around the Faroe Islands. Seabird, 23, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.61350/sbj.23.66
Desportes, G. & Mouritsen, R. (1988). Diet of the pilot whale, Globicephala melas, around the Faroe Islands (ICES CM 1988/N:12). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/1988/N/1988_N12.pdf
Fauchald, P., Tarroux, A., Amélineau, F. & Bråthen, V. S. & others. (2021). Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 676, 255–276. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13854
Gilles, A., Gunnlaugsson, T., Mikkelsen, B., Pike, D. G. & Víkingsson, G. (2020). Summer abundance of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the coastal waters of Iceland and the Faroe Islands. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 11. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4939
Kersten, O., Star, B., Leigh, D. M., Anker-Nilssen, T., Strøm, H., Danielsen, J., Descamps, S. & others. (2021). Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses. Communications Biology, 4(1), 922. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02415-4
Knudsen, E. & Aref, R. J. (2017). Morphometrics, dispersal and breeding strategies of two common eider sub-species: Lívmátingar, útbreiðsla og nøringarmynstur hjá tveimum æðu undirsløgum: er vanliga føroyska æðan í veruleikanum eitt serskilt undirslag. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2017:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Merkel, B., Descamps, S., Yoccoz, N. G., Danielsen, J., Daunt, F., Erikstad, K. E., Ezhov, A. V. & others. (2019). Earlier colony arrival but no trend in hatching timing in two congeneric seabirds (Uria spp.) across the North Atlantic. Biology Letters, 15(10), 20190634. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0634
Mikkelsen, B. (2007). Present knowledge of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in Faroese waters. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 6, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2724
Mikkelsen, B. (2010). A note on the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) in the Faroe Islands. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 8, 143–146. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2681
Ólafsdóttir, K. S. (2002). Reported decrease of PCB in Black guillemot eggs during the period 1999 to 2001: could a change in Black guillemot diet be a contributing factor. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2002:13. University of the Faroe Islands. https://avibirds.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/zwarte-zeekoet3.pdf
Skov, H., Upton, A. J., Reid, J. B., Webb, A., Taylor, S. J. & Durinck, J. (2002). Dispersion and vulnerability of marine birds and cetaceans in Faroese waters (p. 106). Joint Nature Conservation Committee. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Dispersion-and-vulnerability-of-marine-birds-and-cetaceans.pdf
Skúvadal, F. B. (2002). Sulens fødevalg: Maveundersøgelser af suleunger fra Mykines holm. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2002:11. University of the Faroe Islands.
Modelling
Booth, S. & Zeller, D. (2005). Mercury, food webs, and marine mammals: Implications of diet and climate change for human health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(5), 521–526. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7603
Erenbjerg, S. V., Albretsen, J., Simonsen, K., Sandvik, A. D. & Kaas, E. (2020). A step towards high resolution modeling of the central Faroe shelf circulation by FarCoast800. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 40, 101475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101475
Erenbjerg, S. V. (2021). Oceanography of the Faroe Shelf and Sundalagið Norður: A modelling approach [PhD thesis, Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet]. https://nbi.ku.dk/english/theses/phd-theses/sissal-vagsheyg-erenbjerg/Sissal_Erenbjerg_optimized.pdf
Eliasen, S. K., Gaard, E. & Hansen, B. (2002). A mathematical model of the lowest trophical levels on the Faroese Shelf (No. 02–01; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/33440105/TecRep0201.pdf
Eliasen, S. K. (2004). Zero-dimensional model of the lowest trophical levels of the marine ecosystem on the Faroe Shelf (No. 04–02; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/33439496/Eliasen_2004_Zero_Dimensional_Model_of_the_Lowest_Trophical_Levels_of_the_Marine_Ecosystem_on_the_Faroe_Shelf.pdf
Eliasen, S. K. (2004). A mathematical model of the primary production on the Faroe Shelf with cylinder bottom topography (No. 04–03; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/31089084/Eliasen_2004_A_Mathematical_Model_of_the_Primary_Production_on_the_Faroe_Shelf_with_Cylinder_Bottom_Topography.pdf
í Jákupsstovu, S. H. & Nattestad Nolsøe, K. (2003). Workshop on ecosystem modelling of Faroese Waters, Tórshavn 24–26 September 2002(p. 95). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/47476096/Workshop_ecosystem.pdf
Kragesteen, T. J., Simonsen, K., Visser, A. W. & Andersen, K. H. (2018). Identifying salmon lice transmission characteristics between Faroese salmon farms. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 10, 49–60. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00252
Zeller, D. & Freire, K. (2002). A preliminary North-East Atlantic marine ecosystem model: the Faroe Islands and ICES Area Vb. In T. J. Pitcher & K. L. Cochrane (Eds.), The use of ecosystem models to investigate multispecies management strategies for capture Fisheries (No. 2; Vol. 10, pp. 39–45). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0348151
Aquaculture-and environment
Abrahamsen, H. I., Johannesen, T. T., Patursson, Ø., á Norði, G. & Simonsen, K. (2025). Wave-generated currents threaten aquaculture sites. Ocean Engineering, 334, 121574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121574
á Norði, G., Simonsen, K., Gaard, E. & Glud, R. N. (2010). Accumulation and mineralization of fish farming residuals in the benthic footprint area at two different farming locations in a Faroese Fjord (ICES CM 2010/J:02). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/CM-2010/J/J0210.pdf
á Norði, G. (2010). Impact of organic enrichment on the sediment biogeochemistry and overlying water quality in relation to fish farms in Faroese fjords [PhD thesis]. Náttúruvísindadeildin, Fróðskaparsetur Føroya.
á Norði, G., Glud, R. N., Gaard, E. & Simonsen, K. (2011). Environmental impacts of coastal fish farming: carbon and nitrogen budgets for trout farming in Kaldbaksfjørður (Faroe Islands). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 431, 223–241. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09113
á Norði, G. & Patursson, Ø. (2012). Influence of waves and current speed on resuspension of fish farm waste: Case study in Funningsfjørður, Faroe Islands (ICES CM 2012/Q:13). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/CM-2012/Q/Q1312.pdf
á Nordi, G., Simonsen, K., Danielsen, E., Eliasen, K., Mols-Mortensen, A., Christiansen, D. H., Steingrund, P. & others. (2015). Abundance and distribution of planktonic Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus in a fish farming region in the Faroe Islands. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 7(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00134
á Norði, G. & Patursson, Ø. (2017). Útbreiðsla av lús á Sørvágsfirði: Samanumtøka (No. 2017–16; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling.
Bak, U. G. (2014). Seaweed cultivation in the Faroe Islands – An investigation of the biochemical composition of selected macroalgal species, optimised seeding techniques, and open-ocean cultivation methods from a commercial perspective [PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark.]. https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/179022257/URD_THESIS_accepted_e_version_final.pdf
Bak, U. G., Nielsen, C. W., Marinho, G. S., Gregersen, Ó., Jónsdóttir, R. & Holdt, S. L. (2019). The seasonal variation in nitrogen, amino acid, protein and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors of commercially cultivated Faroese Saccharina latissima. Algal Research, 42, 101576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101576
Berg, M. (2019). Examination of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Faroese fish farms: with focus on eye darkening and parasites. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2019:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Christiansen, D. H., Østergaard, P. S., Snow, M., Dale, O. B. & Falk, K. (2011). A low-pathogenic variant of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Faroe Islands. Journal of General Virology, 92(4), 909–918. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.027094-0
Danielsen, E. & á Norði, G. (2021). Blue mussel spat availability and settlement on longlines in a Faroese fjord (No. 2021–09; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6563039
Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Dálking og oxygentrot á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 13–66). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Eru føroysku gáttarfirðirnir dálkaðir? In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 8–12). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., á Norði, G., Magnussen, E., Sørensen, J., Olsen, J., Dam, M. & Hansen, M. G. (2007). Frágreiðing um virksemi, Arbeiðsbólkurin “Firðir og dálking” 2005–2006. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41608509/Fir_ir_og_d_lking_-Virksemisfr_grei_ing_FD_2005-2006_7.3.07.pdf
Joensen, H. (2017). Multifaceted Approaches Against Salmon Louse, Workshop Report. NVDrit, 2017:16. University of the Faroe Islands. https://drive.reindex.net/FAOUTL/12/2017.16.pdf
Johannesen, Á., Patursson, Ø., Kristmundsson, J., Dam, S. P., Mulelid, M. & Klebert, P. (2022). Waves and currents decrease the available space in a salmon cage. Plos One, 17(2), e0263850. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263850
Jensen, F. & Patursson, E. J. (2011). Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Faroese Fjords: Biology and Farming potential. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2011:04. University of the Faroe Islands. https://setur.cdn.fo/media/6941/bsc-thesis-blue-mussel-mytilus-edulis-in-faroese-fjords-biology-and-farming-potential-finnger-jensen-esbern-joannes-patursson.pdf?s=ln4EkOafZZ4IHPBkKcgSZh-z1Xg
Kragesteen, T. J. (2019). Lice Management in Salmon Aquaculture: Using the Faroe Islands as a case site [PhD thesis, DTU Aqua]. https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/219380647/PhD_Thesis_Trondur_Kragsteen.pdf
Kragesteen, T. J., Simonsen, K., Visser, A. W. & Andersen, K. H. (2021). Estimation of external infection pressure and salmon-louse population growth rate in Faroese salmon farms. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 13, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00386
Larsen, K. M. H., Niclasen, B., á Norði, G., Olsen, E., Patursson, Ø. & Simonsen, K. (2020). Streymur og alda í umhvørvifyrisiting av firðum (No. 20–01; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/23859230/Streymur_og_alda_2020.pdf
Lüning, K. & Mortensen, L. (2015). European aquaculture of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) for food industries: iodine content and epiphytic animals as major problems. Botanica Marina, 58(6), 449–455. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2015-0036
Mols-Mortensen, A., Ortind, E. á. G., Jacobsen, C. & Holdt, S. L. (2017). Variation in growth, yield and protein concentration in Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) cultivated with different wave and current exposures in the Faroe Islands. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(5), 2277–2286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1169-4
Mortensen, K. (1990). Keldur til nitrogen, fosfor og lívrunnin evni í Skálafirði, Sundalagnum norðan fyri Streymin og Kaldbaksfirði. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 287–309). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Niclasen, B. A. & Simonsen, K. (2009). Wave induced resuspension in fish farming areas of Suðuroy: an introductory model based investigation. NVDrit, 2009:03. University of the Faroe Islands. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/23875182/Niclasen_Simonsen_Wave_induced_resuspension_in_fish_farming.pdf
Patursson, E. J., Simonsen, K., Visser, A. W. & Patursson, Ø. (2017). Effect of exposure on salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis population dynamics in Faroese salmon farms. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 9, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00209
Østerø, S. L. & á Norði, G. (2022). Ecosystem services by blue mussels in a coastal area: A study with commercial fish farming and blue mussels in the Faroe Islands (No. 2022–05; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://zenodo.org/records/7515449
Energy production
Gaard, E., Hansen, M. G., Heinesen, S., Jacobsen, H. & Magnussen, E. (2005). Árinskanning av Funningsfirði í sambandi við vatnorkuútbygging hjá SEV: Ávegisfrágreiðing. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Data Quality, SEV, Fróðskaparsetur Føroya. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41601815/ArinskanningAvFunningsfirdiISambandVidVatnorkuutbyggingHjaSEV.pdf
Mikladal, P. A. (2008). Sustainable energy in the Faroe Islands – the role of hydropower. Ministry of the Interior, Faroe Islands. http://cdn.lms.fo/media/4657/burðadygga-el-orka.pdf
Simonsen, K. & Niclasen, B. A. (2021). Analysis of the energy potential of tidal streams on the Faroe Shelf. Renewable Energy, 163, 836–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.123
Joensen, B., Niclasen, B. A. & Bingham, H. B. (2021). Wave power assessment in Faroese waters using an oceanic to nearshore scale spectral wave model. Energy, 235, 121404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121404
Pollution
Albert, C., Bråthen, V. S., Descamps, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Cherenkov, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Danielsen, J. & others. (2021). Inter-annual variation in winter distribution affects individual seabird contamination with mercury. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 676, 243–254. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13793
Albert, C., Helgason, H. H., Brault-Favrou, M., Robertson, G. J., Descamps, S., Amélineau, F., Danielsen, J. & others. (2021). Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 750, 142201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142201
Bossi, R., Riget, F. F., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Fauser, P., Dam, M. & Vorkamp, K. (2005). Preliminary screening of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other fluorochemicals in fish, birds and marine mammals from Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Environmental Pollution, 136(2), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.020
Braaten, B. (1992). Impact of pollution from aquaculture in six Nordic countries: Release of nutrients, effects, and wastewater treatment. In N. De Pauw & J. Joyce (Eds.), Aquaculture and the Environment: Reviews of the International Conference Aquaculture Europe ’91, Dublin, Ireland, June 10-12, 1991 (No. 16; pp. 79–101). European Aquaculture Society. https://marineinfo.org/en/imis?page=reserve&refid=14616&instid=330195 (Non-open access)
Bustamante, P., Morales, C. F., Mikkelsen, B., Dam, M. & Caurant, F. (2004). Trace element bioaccumulation in grey seals Halichoerus grypus from the Faroe Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 267, 291–301. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps267291
Dam, M. (1998). Hvad spiser tejst, edderfugl og top-skarv på Færøerne, og hvad er indholdet af miljøgifte i disse? (1998:2). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. https://umhvorvisstovan.net.dynamicweb-cms.com/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/1995__1999/Hvad+spiser+tejst+mm.pdf
Dam, M. (1998). Målinger af miljøgifte i et udvalg af indikatorarter i det færøske marine miljø (1998:1). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. https://www.bbs.fo/work/work-of:800010-katalog:99122792037705763?type=bog
Dam, M. (2000). Integrated ecological monitoring in the coastal zone: Environmental Pollutants. Faroe Islands (2000:2). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. http://www.matrikul.fo/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/2000/Integrated_Ecological_Monitoring_in_the_Coastal_Zone._Environmental_pollutants._Faroe_Island.pdf
Dam, M. (2004). Mercury in the Faroe Islands – a review of available data. Fróðskaparrit, 52, 85–133. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/564
Dam, M. & Danielsen, J. (2002). Havnarvág 2002 – ein kanning av dálkingarstøðuni á Havnarvág og Yviri við Strond á sumri 2002 (p. 74). Tórshavnar kommuna, tekniska deild. http://www.torshavn.fo/data/attachments/1815A45BE5FF-11D6-9CC6-00508B8BF412/6BD78214-3FE1-48F4-B128-803E93E45E80.pdf
Dam, M., Hoydal, K. & Jensen, J. K. (2004). Mercury in liver, eggs and feather of Black guillemot Cepphus grylle faeroensis in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 52, 73–84. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/563
Dam, M., Mikkelsen, B. & Jensen, J. K. (2001). Organochlorinated pollutants in fulmars from the Faroe Islands [Techreport]. Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Dam, M., Mikkelsen, B. & Jensen, J. K. (2002). Umhvørviseitri í havhesti. Frøði, 1/2002, 26–28. https://www.jenskjeld.info/artikler/Umhvoerviseitur_i_havhesti_froedi_2002.pdf
Dam, M., Mikkelsen, B., Jensen, J.-K. & Reinert, J. (2002). Concentration of environmental pollutants in fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Faroe Islands. The second AMAP International symposium on Environmental Pollutions of the Arctic, Article 2.
Dam, M., Vestergaard, T., Gaard, E., Hansen, B. & Joensen, J. P. (1997). Føroya Umhvørvi í tølnum 1997 (p. 71). Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin, Náttúrugripsavnið og Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Förlin, L., Baden, S. P., Eriksson, S., Granmo, Å., Lindesjöö, E., Magnusson, K., Ekelund, R., Esselin, A. & Sturve, J. (1996). Effects of contaminants in roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and contaminant levels in mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the Skagerrak and Kattegat compared to the Faroe Islands. Journal of Sea Research, 35(1-3), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(96)90748-0
Gaard, E., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Eru føroysku gáttarfirðirnir dálkaðir? In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 8–12). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., Hansen, M. G., Heinesen, S., Jacobsen, H. & Magnussen, E. (2005). Árinskanning av Funningsfirði í sambandi við vatnorkuútbygging hjá SEV: Ávegisfrágreiðing. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Data Quality, SEV, Fróðskaparsetur Føroya. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41601815/ArinskanningAvFunningsfirdiISambandVidVatnorkuutbyggingHjaSEV.pdf
Gaard, E., á Norði, G., Magnussen, E., Sørensen, J., Olsen, J., Dam, M. & Hansen, M. G. (2007). Frágreiðing um virksemi, Arbeiðsbólkurin “Firðir og dálking” 2005–2006. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41608509/Fir_ir_og_d_lking_-Virksemisfr_grei_ing_FD_2005-2006_7.3.07.pdf
Gregersen, H., Dam, M., Gaard, E., Vestergaard, T., Mørkøre, H., Mørkøre, B. & Joensen, J. P. (2000). Føroya Umhvørvi í tølnum 1999. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin, Náttúrugripsavnið og Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Hoydal, K. (2004). Background levels of oil-derived pollution in fish and invertebrates from the coastal zone around the Faroe Islands. Biomarker analyses in fish and analyses of PAH and metals in invertebrates [MS Thesis, University of Copenhagen]. https://umhvorvisstovan.net.dynamicweb-cms.com/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/2004/Background_levels_of_oil-derived_pollution_in_fish_and_invertebrates_from_the_coastal_zone_around_Faroe_Island.pdf
Hoydal, K. (2004). Coastal baseline – Exposure and effects of PAH in the coastal zone around the Faroe Islands [Techreport]. Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan. https://umhvorvisstovan.net.dynamicweb-cms.com/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/2004/Coastal_Baseline.pdf
Hoydal, K. & Dam, M. (2004). Føroya Umhvørvi í Tølnum 2003 (2004:2). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. https://hfs.fo/webcenter/ShowProperty?nodeId=%2Fhfs2-cs%2FHFS017892%2F%2FidcPrimaryFile&revision=latestreleased
Hoydal, K. & Dam, M. (2005). AMAP Faroe Islands Heavy Metals and POPs Core programme 2004 (Report no. 2005:2). Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan. https://www.toxic-menu.org/archive-suigin-iranai-jp/docs/Faroe Islands Heavy Metals Study.pdf
Gallien, I., Caurant, F., Bordes, M., Bustamante, P., Miramand, P., Fernandez, B., Quellard, N. & others. (2001). Cadmium-containing granules in kidney tissue of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) off the Faroe Islands. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(3), 389–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00265-4
Sørensen, J. (2003). Kanning av lívrunnari dálking á Fuglafirði, 2003 [Techreport]. Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin. http://cdn.lms.fo/media/4660/dálking-fuglafjørð.pdf
Karlsson, M., Ericson, I., van Bavel, B., Jensen, J. K. & Dam, M. (2006). Levels of brominated flame retardants in Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) eggs from the Faroe Islands. Science of the Total Environment, 367(2-3), 840–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2006.02.050
Magnusson, K., Ekelund, R., Dave, G., Granmo, Å., Förlin, L., Wennberg, L., Samuelsson, M.-O., Berggren, M. & Brorström-Lundén, E. (1996). Contamination and correlation with toxicity of sediment samples from the Skagerrak and Kattegat. Journal of Sea Research, 35(1-3), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(96)90749-2
Mikkelsen, B., Hoydal, K., Dam, M. & Danielsen, J. (2002). Føroya umhvørvi í tølum 2001. Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Ólafsdóttir, K. S. (2002). Reported decrease of PCB in Black guillemot eggs during the period 1999 to 2001: could a change in Black guillemot diet be a contributing factor. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2002:13. University of the Faroe Islands. https://avibirds.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/zwarte-zeekoet3.pdf
Olsen, J., Hoydal, K. & Dam, M. (2003). AMAP Faroe Islands 1999–2000 Heavy Metals. In K. Hoydal & M. Dam (Eds.), AMAP Greenland and the FaroeIslands 1997-2001: Vol. 3 The Environment of the Faroe Islands (pp. 155–220). DANCEA. https://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2003/87-7972-469-8/pdf/87-7972-470-1.pdf
Provencher, J. F., Bond, A. L., Hedd, A., Montevecchi, W. A., Muzaffar, S. b., Courchesne, S. J., Gilchrist, H. G. & others. (2014). Prevalence of marine debris in marine birds from the North Atlantic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 84(1-2), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.044
Rotander, A., Kärrman, A., Bavel, B. v., Polder, A., Rigét, F., Audunsson, G. A., Víkingsson, G. & others. (2012). Increasing levels of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in Arctic and North Atlantic marine mammals, 1984–2009. Chemosphere, 86(3), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.054
Rotander, A., van Bavel, B., Polder, A., Rigét, F., Auðunsson, G. A., Gabrielsen, G. W., Víkingsson, G., Bloch, D. & Dam, M. (2012). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine mammals from Arctic and North Atlantic regions, 1986–2009. Environment International, 40, 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.001
Stange, K., Maage, A. & Klungsøyr, J. (1996). Contaminants in fish and sediments in the North Atlantic Ocean (TemaNord 1996:552). Nordic Council of Ministers. https://books.google.com/books?hl=da&lr=&id=IAr9B12T75QC&oi=fnd&pg=PA7
Jensen, J. K., Mortensen, S. M. & Langgard, L. B. (1983). Biologiske effekter af vandkraftudnyttelse ved Vestmanna og Eiði, Færøerne. Rapport til Overfredningsnævnet på Færøerne. Vandkvalitetsinstituttet. https://fao.reindex.net/FAOUTL/main/T.php?Ifm=Pz&ColSearch=0&zoomed=&qe=Biologiske+effekter+af+vandkraftudnyttelse+ved+Vestmanna+og+Ei%C3%B0i
Vorkamp, K., Dam, M., Riget, F., Fauser, P., Bossi, R. & Hansen, A. B. (2004). Screening of “new” contaminants in the marine environment of Greenland and the Faroe Islands (NERI Technical Report No. 525). National Environmental Research Institute. https://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_publikationer/3_fagrapporter/rapporter/FR525.pdf
Climate change
Hansen, B. (1991). Veðurlagsbroytingar og havið um Føroyar. In I. Fjallstein, B. Hansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 7; pp. 57–90). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524562/Fiskirannsoknir_7.pdf
Heide-Jørgensen, H. S. & Johnsen, I. (1997). Ecosystem vulnerability to climate change in Greenland and the Faroe Islands(Arbejdsrapport Fra Miljøstyrelsen No. 97 1997). Miljøstyrelsen. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/618192
Hansen, B. (2011). Veðurlagsbroytingar (p. 118). Nám.
Simonsen, K. (2002). Veðurlagsbroytingar: samandráttur av fyrilestri, sum var hildin á Orku- og Umhvørvisráðstevnuni 2–3 mai, 2002. NVDRit, 2002:06. University of the Faroe Islands.
This bibliography is primarily based on searches in Google Scholar, publication lists from Havstovan and Firum and a literature list compiled by Eyðfinn Magnussen, in connection with the activity of the working group “Firðir and dálking” (Gaard et al. 2007). Reports and technical documents at Havstovan and Firum that describe individual measurements or present partial results are not included. Many of the included references address conditions on the inner Faroe Shelf rather than within fjords and straits. The bibliography is divided into subjects as best as possible, and in some cases where the entry clearly belongs to two different subjects, they are listed twice. The Bib Tex bibliography file can be found at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19812003
General Ecology
Fossaa, A. M., Gaard, E. & Dalsgarð, J. (2006). Føroya Náttúra: Lívfrøðiligt margfeldi. Føroya Skúlabókagrunnur. https://books.google.com/books?id=6C8L49MdIQYC
Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Olsen, B. & Reinert, J. (2002). Ecological features and recent trends in the physical environment, plankton, fish stocks, and seabirds in the Faroe shelf ecosystem. Large Marine Ecosystems, 10, 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0461(02)80060-X
Gaard, E., Gislason, A. & Melle, W. (2005). Iceland, Faroe and Norwegian coasts. In A. R. Robinson & K. H. Brink (Eds.), The Sea, Volume 14b: The Global Coastal Ocean: Interdisciplinary Regional Studies and Syntheses (Vol. 14, pp. 1073–1099). Harvard University Press.
Gaard, E. (2017). Afsluttende rapport for forskningsprogrammet Klimatiske og oceanografiske ændringer i havområderne mellem Grønland og Færøerne og deres indvirkning på plankton og fisk, 2013–2017 (No. 17–05; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/TechRep1705.pdf
ICES. (2005). The Faroe Plateau ecosystem. In Report of the ICES Advisory Council of the Sea 2005 (ICES Advice, Vol. 4). ICES. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19268696
ICES. (2023). Workshop on the Faroese ecoregion Aquaculture Overview (WKFaroesAO): Vol. 5:28 (ICES Scientific Reports). ICES. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.21551541
Geography incl. paleogeography
Abbott, P. M., Austin, W. E. N., Davies, S. M., Pearce, N. J. G., Rasmussen, T. L., Wastegård, S. & Brendryen, J. (2014). Re-evaluation and extension of the Marine Isotope Stage 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region: The cryptotephra record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 409, 153–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.05.004
Guttesen, R. (1996). The Faroe Islands Topographic Atlas (Vol. 5). https://rdgs.dk/publikationer/The-Faeroe-Islands-Topographic-Atlas.pdf
Jegen, M. D., Hobbs, R. W., Tarits, P. & Chave, A. (2009). Joint inversion of marine magnetotelluric and gravity data incorporating seismic constraints: Preliminary results of sub-basalt imaging off the Faroe Shelf. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 282(1–4), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.018
Kiilerich, A. (1942). Geography, Hydrography and Climate of the Faroes. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part I (I; pp. 1–51).
Roncaglia, L. (2004). Palynofacies analysis and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of palaeo-hydrographic changes: an example from Holocene sediments in Skálafjord, Faroe Islands. Marine Micropaleontology, 50(1–2), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8398(03)00065-3
Wastegård, S., Rasmussen, T. L., Kuijpers, A., Nielsen, T. & van Weering, T. C. E. (2006). Composition and origin of ash zones from Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2 in the North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25(17–18), 2409–2419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.03.001
Witon, E., Malmgren, B., Witkowski, A. & Kuijpers, A. (2006). Holocene marine diatoms from the Faeroe Islands and their paleoceanographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 239(3–4), 487–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.006
Witak, M., Wachnicka, A., Kuijpers, A., Troelstra, S., Prins, M. A. & Witkowski, A. (2005). Holocene North Atlantic surface circulation and climatic variability: evidence from diatom records. The Holocene, 15(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl768rp
Bennike, O. (2010). Palaeoecology of Skálafjørður, the Faroe Islands. In S. A. Bengtson, P. Buckland, P. H. Enckell & A. M. Fossa (Eds.), Dorete – her Book (Vol. 52, pp. 244–258). Fróðskapur – Faroe University Press.
Bathymetry and seabed mapping
Hansen, B. (1990). Dýpi og skap á føroysku gáttarfirðunum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 67–98). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Bruntse, G. & Tendal, O. S. (2001). Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands. Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory. https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/217806.pdf
Simonsen, K., Hansen, K. M., Mortensen, L. & Norbye, A. M. (2002). New bathymetry for the Faroe Shelf NVDRit, 2002:07. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands.
Benthic biogeochemistry, sedimentation, oxygen conditions and resuspension
á Norði, G., Debes, H. & Christensen, J. T. (2013). Pelagic-benthic coupling on the Faroe shelf: A pilot study (No. 13–05; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/TecRep1305_hp.pdf
á Norði, G., Glud, R. N., Simonsen, K. & Gaard, E. (2018). Deposition and benthic mineralization of organic carbon: A seasonal study from Faroe Islands. Journal of Marine Systems, 177, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.09.005
Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Dálking og oxygentrot á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 13–66). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E. (1990). Sedimentering og niðurbróting av lívrunnin evnum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 156–187). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Hansen, B. & Poulsen, M. (1987). Ilttrot á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 4; pp. 69–89). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42522627/Fiskirannsoknir_4.pdf
Hansen, B. (1990). Oxygen depletion in a Faroese sill fjord. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothoburgensis. Geophysica, 3, 5–19.
Hansen, B. (1990). Oxygentrot og útskifting í botnvatninum á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 188–258). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Sørensen, J., Bærentsen, J. K., Hansen, J. F., Nolsø, Á. & Trygvadóttir, B. V. (2009). Chemical sediment variables from the Faroe area: Organic content, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Zinc, and Copper. Fróðskaparrit, 57, 159–181. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/80
Benthic invertebrates
Ax, P. (1995). Brackish-water Plathelminthes from the Faroe Islands. Hydrobiologia, 305(1–3), 45–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00036361
Årnbæck-Christie-Linde, A. (1952). Tunicata. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I (LXI; pp. 1–52).
Boisen-Bennicke, S. A. (1968). Supplement to Polychæta. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XVI; pp. 1–6).
Boschma, H. (1937). Rhizocephala. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXVIII; pp. 1–3).
Bloch, D., Hansen, B., Joensen, H. P. & Poulsen, M. (1986). Fjarðakanningar 1985 Kanningarúrslit (p. 343).
Bruntse, G., Lein, T. E. & Nielsen, R. (1999). Marine benthic algae and invertebrate communities from the shallow waters of the Faroe Islands: A base line study (pp. 1–117). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
Bruntse, G. & Tendal, O. S. (2001). Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands. Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory. https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/217806.pdf
Bruntse, G. & Tendal, O. S. (2001). A bibliography of benthic marine invertebrates of the Faroese Exclusive Economic Zone. In G. Bruntse & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands(pp. 56–82). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
Bruun, A. F. (1928). Marine Hirudinea. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XVIII; pp. 1–5).
Brændegaard, J. (1928). Araneina. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part II (XLVII; pp. 1–28).
Brøndsted, H. V. (1942). Marine Spongia. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part I (III; pp. 1–34).
Carlgren, O. (1942). Actiniaria and Zoantharia. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part I (VIIb; pp. 1–5).
Denisenko, N. V., Hayward, P. J., Tendal, O. S. & Sørensen, J. (2016). Diversity and biogeographic patterns of the bryozoan fauna of the Faroe Islands. Marine Biology Research, 12(4), 360–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2016.1148817
Danielsen, E. & á Norði, G. (2021). Blue mussel spat availability and settlement on longlines in a Faroese fjord (No. 2021–09; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6563039
Ditlevsen, H. (1929). Polychæta. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XVI; pp. 1–83).
Ditlevsen, A. (1936). Oligochæta. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XVII; pp. 1–15).
Funch, P. & Møbjerg Kristensen, R. (1995). Cycliophora is a new phylum with affinities to Entoprocta and Ectoprocta. Nature, 378(6558), 711–714. https://doi.org/10.1038/378711a0
Følsvik, N., Brevik, E. M., Berge, J. A. & Dam, M. (1998). Organotin and imposex in the littoral zone in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 46, 67–80. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/708
Hansen, J. F. G. (2010). Chaetopterus sp. (Polychaeta Chaetopteridae) from the Faroe Islands, compared to species likely to inhabit the area, BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2010:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Josefson, A. S. (2001). Macrofauna in soft sediments on the Faroe shelf. In G. Bruntse & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands (pp. 39–43). https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/217812.pdf
Jørgensen, L. L. (1993). Kvantitativ kortlægning af macrobenthos i en tærskelfjord på Færøerne med speciel vægt på Polychaeter. Institutt for Fiskeri- og Marinebiologi, Universitetet i Bergen.
Klitgaard, A. B. & Tendal, O. S. (2004). Distribution and species composition of mass occurrences of large-sized sponges in the northeast Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography, 61(1), 57–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2004.06.002
Kramp, P. L. (1934). Bryozoa. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I (LVIII; pp. 1–39).
Kramp, P. L. (1942). Alcyonaria. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part I (VIIa; pp. 1–12).
Kramp, P. L. (1942). Marine Hydrozoa. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part I (V; pp. 1–59).
Lange, S. & Båmstedt, U. (1999). Rhizocephala (Crustacea, Cirripedia) of the Faroe Islands. Sarsia, 84(1), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1999.10420453
Lundblad, O. (1930). Hydracarina. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part II (XLVIII; pp. 1–65).
Magnúsdóttir, H., Olsen, K., Matras, U. & Ørnófsdóttir, E. B. (2011). Kongsneglens (Buccinum undatum) biologi og udbredelse i farvandet ved Island og Færøerne(No. 11–07; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Smarit1107.pdf
Matras, U. & Cruz, L. R. (2014). Kanning av jákupskel (Aequipecten opercularis)(Techreport No. 14–06; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/44367864/Sm_Rit1406.pdf
Mikkelsen, B. (2005). Scope for Growth – en biologisk indikator for trivsel hos blåmusling (Mytilus edulis)(NVD Rit, pp. 1–63). University of the Faroe Islands.
Molodtsova, T. N. (2004). Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Faroe Islands. Fródskaparrit, 51, 292–297. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/677
Mortensen, H., á Norði, G., Andreasen, B. & Johannesen, T. T. (2020). Botndjórasamfeløg – Eitt føroyskt sammetingargrundarlag (No. 2020–16; Fiskaaling rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10182362
Mortensen, H. S., Carstensen, J., Andreasen, B., Johannesen, T. T., Fjallstein, B. V. T. & á Norði, G. (2021). Benthic macrofauna classification system for Faroese fjords (No. 2021–10; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19056.17926
Nielsen, E. (1930). Cephalopoda. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I (LVI; pp. 1–9).
Nørrevang, A. (1990). Botndjóralívið á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 259–286). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Overgaard Nielsen, C. (1968). Nemertini. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XI; pp. 1–4).
Petersen Høpner, G. (1968). Marine Lamellibranchiata. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I(LV; pp. 1–80).
Ridao, C. L. & Matras, U. (2013). Assessment of the queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis) north of the Faroe Islands in 2013. Havstovan.
Ridao, C. L. & Matras, U. (2013). Assessment of the queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis) in a north-western fjord (Djúpini) of the Faroe Islands in 2013. Havstovan.
Tendal, O. S. & Bruntse, G. (2001). A brief history of the investigations on the benthic fauna of the sea around the Faroe Islands, with emphasis on the expeditions and research vessels. In G. Bruntse & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), Marine biological investigations and assemblages of benthic invertebrates from the Faroe Islands (pp. 43–55). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
Tendal, O. S., Brattegard, T., Nørrevang, A., Sneli, J. A. & Sørensen, J. (2005). Publications and presentations based completely or in part on material and results from the BIOFAR Projects. In A. Nørrevang, D. Bloch & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), BIOFAR Proceedings 2005 (Vol. 41, pp. 257–268). Føroya Fróðskaparfelag. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frodskapur/article/view/827
Thorarinsdóttir, G. G., Gunnarsson, K. & Dam, M. (2004). The gametogenic cycle and spawning in Mytilus edulis in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 51, 270–279. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/675
Thorson, G. & Spærck, R. (1929). Scaphopoda. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I (LIV; pp. 1–4).
Sakarisson, S. J. (2000). Bunddyr i færøske tærskelfjorde (NVD Rit, pp. 1–55) [Bathesis]. University of the Faroe Islands.
Schiøtte, T. (2005). Marine, benthic molluscs common to North Greenland and the Faroes: A first investigation of a previously unrecognized, North Atlantic fauna element. In A. Nørrevang, D. Bloch & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), BIOFAR Proceedings 2005 (Vol. 41, pp. 94–108). Føroya Fróðskaparfelag.
Spærck, R. & Thorson, G. (1933). Marine Gastropoda Prosobranchiata. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I (LII; pp. 1–56).
Steinböck, O. (1942). Marine Turbellaria. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part 1 (VIII; pp. 1–26).
Stephensen, K. (1937). Crustacea Cirripedia (excl. Rhizocephala). In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXVII; pp. 1–9).
Stephensen, K. (1937). Marine Crustacea Amphipoda. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXIII; pp. 1–40).
Stephensen, K. (1937). Marine Crustacea Decapoda. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXII; pp. 1–24).
Stephensen, K. (1937). Marine Crustacea Isopoda and Tanaidacea. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXIV; pp. 1–23).
Stephensen, K. (1937). Marine Crustacea Mysidacea, Cumacea and Nebaliacea. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXVI; pp. 1–10).
Stephensen, K. (1937). Marine Crustacea Ostracoda. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. II, Part I (XXIX; pp. 1–8).
Sundberg, P. (1977). Littoral nemerteans from the Faroe Islands. Sarsia, 63(3), 185–190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1978.10411338
Sørensen, J., Bruntse, G., Gunnarson, K. & Nielsen, R. (2001). List of BIOFAR 2 stations. Fróðskaparrit, 48, 61–85. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/758
Sørensen, J., Hansen, J. F. & Joensen, R. (2007). Soft bottom macro fauna species composition in Faroese fjords. Fróðskaparrit, 55, 145–176. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/248
Wesenberg-Lund, E. (1928). Gephyrea and Sternaspidae. In R. Spærck & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. I, Part II (XX; pp. 1–5).
Wesenberg-Lund, E. (1940). Brachiopoda. In S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & R. Spærck (Eds.), The Zoology of the Faroes: Vol. III, Part I (LIX; pp. 1–8).
Seaweed
Brodie, J. A. & Nielsen, R. (2005). The diversity of the Bangiophycidae (Rhodophyta) of the Faroes in the context of the northern Atlantic. In A. Nørrevang, D. Bloch & O. S. Tendal (Eds.), BIOFAR Proceedings 2005 (Vol. 41, pp. 53–62). Føroya Fróðskaparfelag.
Brodie, J., Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (2001). The Bangiophyte species of the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 49, 25–36. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/767/
Bruntse, G., Lein, T. E. & Nielsen, R. (1999). Marine benthic algae and invertebrate communities from the shallow waters of the Faroe Islands: A base line study (pp. 1–117). Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory.
Bruntse, G., Lein, T. E., Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (1999). Response to wave exposure by littoral species in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 47, 181–198. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/747
Irvine, D. E. G. (1982). Seaweeds of the Faroes. 1: The flora. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany, 10, 109–131.
Jacobsen, S., Jacobsen, Á., Mols-Mortensen, A., Johannesen, Á., Egholm, E., Hansen, J. F. & í Homrum, E. (2025). Macroalgal forests as nursery habitats for saithe and cod in the Faroe Islands (No. 25–04; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/46578446/TecRep2504.pdf
Lein, T. E., Stige, L. C. & Bruntse, G. (2001). Dominant species abundance related to environmental factors on rocky shores in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 48, 105–124. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/760
Mols-Mortensen, A. (2014). The foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in the northern part of the north Atlantic and the relationship with the north Pacific foliose Bangiales – Diversity, distribution, phylogeny and phylogeography [Phdthesis, University of New Hampshire]. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2163
Mols-Mortensen, A. (2002). Sublittorale makroalgesamfund på Suðuroy: tre lokaliteter med forskellig eksponeringsgrad (Bathesis 2002:09; NVD Rit). University of the Faroe Islands.
Mortensen, A. M., Neefus, C. D. & Brodie, J. (2009). Cryptic diversity in Porphyra linearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 48, 249.
Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (2001). Seaweeds of the Faroe Islands: An annotated checklist. Fróðskaparrit, 49, 45–108. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/769
Pedersen, P. M. & Brodie, J. (2012). New insights into the biodiversity and generic relationships of foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in Iceland and the Faroe Islands. European Journal of Phycology, 47(2), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2012.666678
Wegeberg, S., Nielsen, R. & Gunnarsson, K. (2001). Coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) of the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 49, 37–43. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/768
Hydrography
Á Norði, G., Paturson, Ø. (2017). Estuarine circulation, influenced by weather conditions [Poster] https://firum.fo/media/bghne4tr/fjardarak.pdf
Bloch, D., Hansen, B., Joensen, H. P. & Poulsen, M. (1986). Fjarðakanningar 1985 Kanningarúrslit (p. 343).
Eliasen, S. K., Hansen, B., Larsen, K. M. H. & Hátún, H. (2016). The exchange of water between the Faroe Shelf and the surrounding waters and its effect on the primary production. Journal of Marine Systems, 153, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.08.004
Erenbjerg, S. V. (2020). Avfall í Sundalagnum og hjáliggjandi firðum (No. 2020–02; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19607815
Erenbjerg, S. V., Albretsen, J., Simonsen, K., Olsen, E. L., Kaas, E. & Hansen, B. (2021). A tidally driven fjord-like strait close to an amphidromic region. Ocean Science, 17(6), 1639–1655. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1639-2021
Hansen, B. (1980). On the water renewal of Faroese fjords and sounds. In Studies in physical oceanography: Papers dedicated to Professor Nils G. Jerlov in commemoration of his seventieth birthday. (Vol. 42, pp. 91–104). Københavns universitet. Institut for fysisk oceanografi. https://fao.reindex.net/FAOUTL/main/T.php?Ifm=Pz&ColSearch=0&qe=On+the+Water+Renewal+of+Faroese+Fjords+and+Sound+hansen
Hansen, B. & Meincke, J. (1984). Long-term coastal sea surface temperature observations at the Faroe Islands. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux Des Réunions Du Conseil International Pour l’Exploration de La Mer, 185, 162–169.
Hansen, B. (1988). Sjóvarfallið 1. partur. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 5; pp. 39–71). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524019/Fiskirannsoknir_5.pdf
Hansen, B. (1990). Rák og útskifting í ovaru løgunum á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 99–121). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Hansen, B. (2001). Havið. Føroya skúlabókagrunnur.
Hansen, B. (2013). Final report on the research programme on Climate and Ocean Currents around the Faroe Islands 2008–2012 (No. 13–06; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2013/TechRep1306.pdf
Hansen, B. (2018). Bottom temperature and echo-sounder corrections around the Faroe Plateau (No. 18–02; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2018/TechRep1802.pdf
Hansen, B. (2018). Botnhitin kring Føroyar (No. 18–03; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/44273249/Sm_Rit1803.pdf
Johannesen, T. T., Andreasen, B. & á Norði, G. (2019). Greining av streymmátingunum í verkætlanini “Aldu- og streymviðurskiftini á føroysku alafirðunum” (No. 2019–22; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://www.us.fo/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Greining_streymmatingum_Fiskaaling_13-03-2020.pdf
Larsen, K. M. H. (1999). Current meter observations in Faroese inshore waters 1979–1998 (No. 99–03; Technical Report). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/TecRep9903.pdf
Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B., Svendsen, H. & Simonsen, K. (2002). The front on the Faroe Shelf (ICES CM 2002/P:10). ICES. https://www.pure.fo/en/publications/the-front-on-the-faroe-shelf
Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B. & Svendsen, H. (2008). Faroe Shelf Water. Continental Shelf Research, 28(14), 1754–1768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.04.006
Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B. & Svendsen, H. (2009). The Faroe Shelf Front: Properties and exchange. Journal of Marine Systems, 78(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.02.003
Larsen, K. M. H. (2009). Circulation and exchange of water masses on the Faroe Shelf and the impact on the Shelf ecosystem [PhD thesis, University of Bergen]. https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/3449
Rasmussen, T. A. S., Olsen, S. M., Hansen, B., Hátún, H. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2014). The Faroe shelf circulation and its potential impact on the primary production. Continental Shelf Research, 88, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.07.014
Simonsen, K., Joensen, E. & Erenbjerg, S. V. (2018). Sundalagið – Samandráttur av hydrografiskum mátingunum árini 2013–2017 (No. 2018–01; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://firum.fo/media/ylynuece/2018-01_hydrografisundalagid_endalig-compressed.pdf
Simonsen, K. & Gislason, E. (2002). Streymald: Tøknifrágreiðing – ein teldutøk streym, aldu og dýpdarkunningarskipan fyri Føroyar (2002:05; NVD Rit). University of the Faroe Islands.
Østerø, S. L., Erenbjerg, S. V., Johannesen, T. T., Olsen, E. L. & á Norði, G. (2022). Fjarðarannsókn: Kaldbaksfjørður (No. 2022–03; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://zenodo.org/records/10200773
Pelagic microalgae and nutrients
Bonitz, F. G. W., Andersson, C., Trofimova, T. & Hátún, H. (2018). Links between phytoplankton dynamics and shell growth of Arctica islandica on the Faroe Shelf. Journal of Marine Systems, 179, 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.11.005
Debes, H., Eliasen, K. & Gaard, E. (2008). Seasonal variability in copepod ingestion and egg production on the Faroe shelf. Hydrobiologia, 600(1), 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9238-3
Debes, H., Gaard, E. & Hansen, B. (2008). Primary production on the Faroe shelf: Temporal variability and environmental influences. Journal of Marine Systems, 74(1–2), 686–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.004
Djurhuus, A., Jørgensen, J., Hátún, H., Debes, H. H. & Christiansen, D. H. (2015). Seasonal progression of microbial communities on the Faroe shelf. Marine Biology Research, 11(9), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2015.1041532
Eliasen, S. K. & Hansen, B. (2003). Light in Faroese Waters (No. 03–01; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/33439699/TecRep0301.pdf
Eliasen, S. K., Gaard, E., Hansen, B. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2005). A “horizontal Sverdrup mechanism” may control the spring bloom around small oceanic islands and over banks. Journal of Marine Systems, 56(3–4), 352–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.03.005
Eliasen, S. K., Hátún, H., Larsen, K. M. H., Hansen, B. & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2017). Phenologically distinct phytoplankton regions on the Faroe Shelf – identified by satellite data, in-situ observations and model. Journal of Marine Systems, 169, 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.01.015
Eliasen, S. K., Hátún, H., Larsen, K. M. H. & Jacobsen, S. (2017). Faroe shelf bloom phenology – The importance of ocean-to-shelf silicate fluxes. Continental Shelf Research, 143, 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.004
Eliasen, S. K., Hátún, H., Larsen, K. M. H., Vang, H. B. M. & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2019). The Faroe shelf spring bloom onset explained by a ‘Critical Volume Hypothesis’. Journal of Marine Systems, 194, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.02.005
Gaard, E. & Poulsen, M. (1988). Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata in a Faroese fjord (ICES CM 1988/L:6). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/1988/L/1988_L6.pdf
Gaard, E. & Poulsen, M. (1990). Tøðevni og gróðrarlíkindi hjá plantuæti. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 122–155). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., Hansen, B. & Poulsen, M. (1992). Ecological studies of phytoplankton in a Faroese Fjord (ICES CM 1992/L:3). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/1992/L/1992_L3.pdf
Gaard, E. & Sørensen, J. (2004). Eutrofieringskanningar. In B. Mikkelsen, K. Hoydal, M. Dam & J. Danielsen (Eds.), Føroya umhvørvi í tølum 2003 (pp. 57–62). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvstovan. https://hfs.fo/webcenter/ShowProperty?nodeId=/hfs2-cs/HFS017892//idcPrimaryFile&revision=latestreleased
Gaard, E., Norði, G. Á. & Simonsen, K. (2011). Environmental effects on phytoplankton production in a Northeast Atlantic fjord, Faroe Islands. Journal of Plankton Research, 33, 947–959. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq156
Hansen, B. & Poulsen, M. (1987). Eutrophication in the Faroe Island fjords. In 22 Nordiska symposiet om vattenforskning: Vol. 1987:1. Nordforsk Miljøvårdsserien.
Hansen, B., Eliasen, S. K., Gaard, E. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2005). Climatic effects on plankton and productivity on the Faroe Shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62, 1224–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.04.014
Hansen, B., Gaard, E., Debes, H. & Larsen, K. M. H. (2010). Abrupt interruptions in the spring bloom on the Faroe Shelf. In S. A. Bengtson, P. Buckland, P. H. Enckell & A. M. Fossa (Eds.), Dorete – her Book (Vol. 52, pp. 21–35). Fróðskapur – Faroe University Press.
Jacobsen, Á. & Jacobsen, E. (2021). Samanbering av mikroalgum á landgrunninum og á aliøkjunum hjá Hiddenfjord (No. 2021–02; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling.
Jacobsen, Á., Jacobsen, E. & Dam, M. (2020). Gróður og ávísar mikroalgur í føroyskum firðum í 2020 (No. 2020–20; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling.
Matras, U. (2011). Annual variation in productivity on the Faroe Shelf during the 20th century (No. 11–04; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2011/Smarit1104.pdf
Moestrup, Ø. & Hansen, P. J. (1988). On the occurrence of the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (= Gonyaulax excavata) and A. ostenfeldii in Danish and Faroese waters. Ophelia, 28(3), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1988.10430813
Mortensen, Á. (1985). Ovurstórur fiskadeyði í alibrúki á Tjaldavík orsakaður av einum Gonyaulax excavata algublóma. Fróskaparrit, 33, 42–49. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/577
Mortensen, A. M. (1985). Massive fish mortalities in the Faroe Islands caused by a Gonyaulax excavata red tide. In D. M. Anderson, A. W. White & D. G. Baden (Eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates (pp. 165–170). Elsevier.
Mortensen, K. (1990). Keldur til nitrogen, fosfor og lívrunnin evni í Skálafirði, Sundalagnum norðan fyri Streymin og Kaldbaksfirði. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 287–309). Fiskirannsóknarstovan.
Bach, H. & Jensen, J. K. (1987). Skálafjørður og Sundini 1985. Belastning og tilstand (p. 166 pp + bilag). Vandkvalitetsinstituttet. https://fao.reindex.net/FAOUTL/main/T.php?Ifm=Pz&ColSearch=0&zoomed=&qe=Skaale+Fjord+og+Sundene
Salter, I., Eliasen, S. K. & Jacobsen, S. (2020). Variability in the relationship between in situ fluorescence and chlorophyll-a concentration in Faroese waters (2002–2019): Recommendations for database management (No. 20–02; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2020/TechRep2002.pdf
Zooplankton
Debes, H. D., Hansen, B. W. & Hansen, P. J. (2005). The relative importance of protozooplankton and copepods as grazers on phytoplankton during the 1999 spring bloom on the Faroe Shelf. Fróðskaparrit, 53, 82–99. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/300
Debes, H. H. & Eliasen, K. (2006). Seasonal abundance, reproduction and development of four key copepod species on the Faroe Shelf. Marine Biology Research, 2(4), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000600798787
Gaard, E. (1998). Broytingar í æti á føroyska landgrunninum. In E. Gaard, J. Reinert & B. Thomsen (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 8; pp. 18–33). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/files/42522821/Fiskirannsoknir_8.pdf
Gaard, E. (1999). The zooplankton community structure in relation to its biological and physical environment on the Faroe Shelf, 1987–1997. Journal of Plankton Research, 21(6), 1133–1152. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.6.1133
Gaard, E. (2000). Seasonal abundance and development of Calanus finmarchicus in relation to phytoplankton and hydrography on the Faroe Shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57(6), 1605–1611. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0963
Gaard, E. & Hansen, B. (2000). Variations in the advection of Calanus finmarchicus onto the Faroe Shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57(6), 1612–1618. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0962
Gaard, E. (2003). Plankton variability on the Faroe shelf during the 1990s. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 219, 182–189. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19271789
Jacobsen, S., Gaard, E., Larsen, K. M. H., Eliasen, S. K. & Hátún, H. (2018). Temporal and spatial variability of zooplankton on the Faroe shelf in spring 1997–2016. Journal of Marine Systems, 177, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.08.004
Jacobsen, S., Hansen, B. & Sørensen, D. (2020). Assessment of weekly zooplankton monitoring at coastal station S on the Faroe Shelf (No. 20–05; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.hav.fo/PDF/Ritgerdir/2020/TechRep2005.pdf
Lund-Hansen, L. C., Gaard, E. & Debes, H. (2009). Optical properties and optical constituents of the Faroe Islands shelf and off-shelf waters, North East Atlantic. Hydrobiologia, 636(1), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9957-8
Fish
Faroese Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs (2007). NASCO Implementation Plan for Atlantic Salmon Management in the Faroe Islands (IP(07)22 FINAL; NASCO Implementation Plans, First Reporting Cycle). North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO). https://nasco.int/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IP_Faroes.pdf
Bertelsen, E. (1942). Contributions to the biology of the coalfish (Gadus virens L.) in Faroese waters – with special regards to the youngest age groups. In Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser, serien Fiskeri (Vol. 11, pp. 3–69). C. A. Reitzels Forlag.
Eliasen, K. (2008). Sandeel on the Faroe Shelf (No. 08–02; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory.
Eliasen, K., Reinert, J., Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Grønkjær, P. & Christensen, J. T. (2009). Mortality of juvenile sandeel on the Faroe Shelf due to food limitation (ICES CM 2009/T:05). https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM%20Doccuments/CM-2009/T/T0509.pdf
Eliasen, K., Reinert, J., Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Jacobsen, J. A., Grønkjær, P. & Christensen, J. T. (2011). Sandeel as a link between primary production and higher trophic levels on the Faroe shelf. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 438, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09301
Eliasen, K. (2013). Sandeel, Ammodytes spp., as a link between climate and higher trophic levels on the Faroe shelf [PhD thesis, University of Aarhus]. https://hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PhD_thesis_sandeel.pdf
Eliasen, K., Johannesen, U. V., Petersen, S. I. & Bergkvist, K. S. G. (2021). Annual report – The sea trout project (No. 2021–01; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://firum.fo/media/v0mmmsyv/2021-01-sea-trout-project-annual-report-2020.pdf
Eliasen, K., Johannesen, U. V., Petersen, S. I. & Bergkvist, K. S. G. (2022). Annual report 2021 – The sea trout project (No. 2022–01; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://firum.fo/media/avunvvlq/2022-01_annual-report-2021-the-sea-trout-project.pdf
Eliasen, K. & Johannesen, U. V. (2021). The increased occurrence of Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) in the Faroe Islands. BioInvasions Records, 10(2), 390–395. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2021.10.2.17
Gaard, E. & Steingrund, P. (2000). Reproduction of the Faroe Plateau cod: Spawning grounds, egg advection and larval feeding. Fróðskaparrit, 48, 87–103. https://doi.org/10.18602/fsj.v48i.759
Gaard, E. & Reinert, J. (2002). Pelagic cod and haddock juveniles on the Faroe Plateau: Distribution, diets and feeding habitats, 1994–1996. Sarsia, 87(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364820260294833
Hansen, L. P. & Jacobsen, J. A. (2003). Origin and migration of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in oceanic areas north of the Faroe Islands. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1006/JMSC.2002.1324
Jacobsen, S., Gaard, E., Hátún, H., Steingrund, P., Larsen, K. M. H., Reinert, J., Ólafsdóttir, S. R., Poulsen, M. & Vang, H. B. M. (2019). Environmentally driven ecological fluctuations on the Faroe Shelf revealed by fish juvenile surveys. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 559. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00559
Jacobsen, S., Nielsen, K. K., Kristiansen, R., Grønkjær, P., Gaard, E. & Steingrund, P. (2020). Diet and prey preferences of larval and pelagic juvenile Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua). Marine Biology, 167(8), 122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03727-5
Jacobsen, S., Jacobsen, Á., Mols-Mortensen, A., Johannesen, Á., Egholm, E., Hansen, J. F. & í Homrum, E. (2025). Macroalgal forests as nursery habitats for saithe and cod in the Faroe Islands (No. 25–04; Technical Report). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/46578446/TecRep2504.pdf
Jákupstovu, S. H. S. (1988). Expoitation and migration of Salmon in Faroese waters. In D. Mills & D. Piggins (Eds.), Atlantic Salmon (pp. 438–457). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1235-9_25
Joensen, J. S. & Tåning, V. (1970). Marine and freshwater fishes. In A. S. Jensen, W. Lundbeck, T. Mortensen & S. L. Tuxen (Eds.), Reprinted from the Zoology of the Faroes (p. 241). Carlsberg Fund.
Ottosen, K. M., Pedersen, M. W., Eliasen, S. K., Steingrund, P., Magnussen, E. & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2017). Migration patterns of the Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua, L.) revealed by data storage tags. Fisheries Research, 195, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.06.014
Ottosen, K. M., Steingrund, P., Magnussen, E. & Payne, M. R. (2018). Distribution and timing of spawning Faroe Plateau cod in relation to warming spring temperatures. Fisheries Research, 198, 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.10.022
Simonsen, K. & Joensen, M. M. (2003). Teldutøk fiskimið: ein verkætlan, sum partvíst er fíggjað av Fiskivinnuroyndir undir Fiskimláaráðnum. NVDrit, 2003:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Steingrund, P., Ofstad, L. H. & Olsen, D. H. (2003). Effect of recruitment, individual weights, fishing effort, and fluctuating longline catchability on the catch of Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the period 1989–1999. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 219, 418–420. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19271948
Steingrund, P., Clementsen, D. H. & Mouritsen, R. (2009). Higher food abundance reduces the catchability of cod (Gadus morhua) to longlines on the Faroe Plateau. Fisheries Research, 100(3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.08.002
Steingrund, P. (2009). The near-collapse of the Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua L.) stock in the 1990s: The effect of food availability on spatial distribution, recruitment, natural production and fishery [Phdthesis, University of Bergen]. https://hdl.handle.net/1956/3697
Steingrund, P. & Kristiansen, S. (2013). Toskur og hýsa á innaru leiðum(No. 13–04; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/44368444/Sm_Rit1304.pdf
Tåning, Å. V. (1939). Fiskeforsøg eftir Rødtunger ved Færøerne i 1939. In Danmarkfiskeri og havundersøgelser.
Mammals and birds
Bloch et al. 2011 have compiled a comprehensive list of references on terrestrial invertebrates, freshwater animals, birds and marine mammals. For a substantially more comprehensive bibliography on mammals and birds in the Faroe Islands, please also refer to their work.
Bengtson, S.-A. & Bloch, D. (1983). Island land bird population densities in relation to island size and habitat quality on the Faroe Islands. Oikos, 41(3), 507–522. https://doi.org/10.2307/3544110
Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Zachariassen, M. & Christensen, I. (1996). The northern bottlenose whale in the Faroe Islands, 1584–1993. Journal of Zoology, 239(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05441.x
Bloch, D., Dahl, M. D., Magnussen, E. & Skaaning, S. B. (2011). Zoological reference list of the Faroe Islands. Føroya Náttúrugripasavn. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41601718/ZoologicalReferenceListOfTheFaroeIslands.pdf
Danielsen, J. (2001). Reproductive performance in a population of individually marked Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) on the Faroe Islands [MS thesis, University of Lund]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30519.52641
Danielsen, J., Van Franeker, J. A., Olsen, B. & Bengtson, S. A. (2010). Preponderance of mesopelagic fish in the diet of the Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) around the Faroe Islands. Seabird, 23, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.61350/sbj.23.66
Desportes, G. & Mouritsen, R. (1988). Diet of the pilot whale, Globicephala melas, around the Faroe Islands (ICES CM 1988/N:12). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/1988/N/1988_N12.pdf
Fauchald, P., Tarroux, A., Amélineau, F. & Bråthen, V. S. & others. (2021). Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 676, 255–276. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13854
Gilles, A., Gunnlaugsson, T., Mikkelsen, B., Pike, D. G. & Víkingsson, G. (2020). Summer abundance of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the coastal waters of Iceland and the Faroe Islands. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 11. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.4939
Kersten, O., Star, B., Leigh, D. M., Anker-Nilssen, T., Strøm, H., Danielsen, J., Descamps, S. & others. (2021). Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses. Communications Biology, 4(1), 922. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02415-4
Knudsen, E. & Aref, R. J. (2017). Morphometrics, dispersal and breeding strategies of two common eider sub-species: Lívmátingar, útbreiðsla og nøringarmynstur hjá tveimum æðu undirsløgum: er vanliga føroyska æðan í veruleikanum eitt serskilt undirslag. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2017:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Merkel, B., Descamps, S., Yoccoz, N. G., Danielsen, J., Daunt, F., Erikstad, K. E., Ezhov, A. V. & others. (2019). Earlier colony arrival but no trend in hatching timing in two congeneric seabirds (Uria spp.) across the North Atlantic. Biology Letters, 15(10), 20190634. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0634
Mikkelsen, B. (2007). Present knowledge of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in Faroese waters. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 6, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2724
Mikkelsen, B. (2010). A note on the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) in the Faroe Islands. NAMMCO Scientific Publications, 8, 143–146. https://doi.org/10.7557/3.2681
Ólafsdóttir, K. S. (2002). Reported decrease of PCB in Black guillemot eggs during the period 1999 to 2001: could a change in Black guillemot diet be a contributing factor. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2002:13. University of the Faroe Islands. https://avibirds.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/zwarte-zeekoet3.pdf
Skov, H., Upton, A. J., Reid, J. B., Webb, A., Taylor, S. J. & Durinck, J. (2002). Dispersion and vulnerability of marine birds and cetaceans in Faroese waters (p. 106). Joint Nature Conservation Committee. https://www.hav.fo/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Dispersion-and-vulnerability-of-marine-birds-and-cetaceans.pdf
Skúvadal, F. B. (2002). Sulens fødevalg: Maveundersøgelser af suleunger fra Mykines holm. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2002:11. University of the Faroe Islands.
Modelling
Booth, S. & Zeller, D. (2005). Mercury, food webs, and marine mammals: Implications of diet and climate change for human health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(5), 521–526. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7603
Erenbjerg, S. V., Albretsen, J., Simonsen, K., Sandvik, A. D. & Kaas, E. (2020). A step towards high resolution modeling of the central Faroe shelf circulation by FarCoast800. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 40, 101475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101475
Erenbjerg, S. V. (2021). Oceanography of the Faroe Shelf and Sundalagið Norður: A modelling approach [PhD thesis, Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet]. https://nbi.ku.dk/english/theses/phd-theses/sissal-vagsheyg-erenbjerg/Sissal_Erenbjerg_optimized.pdf
Eliasen, S. K., Gaard, E. & Hansen, B. (2002). A mathematical model of the lowest trophical levels on the Faroese Shelf (No. 02–01; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/33440105/TecRep0201.pdf
Eliasen, S. K. (2004). Zero-dimensional model of the lowest trophical levels of the marine ecosystem on the Faroe Shelf (No. 04–02; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/33439496/Eliasen_2004_Zero_Dimensional_Model_of_the_Lowest_Trophical_Levels_of_the_Marine_Ecosystem_on_the_Faroe_Shelf.pdf
Eliasen, S. K. (2004). A mathematical model of the primary production on the Faroe Shelf with cylinder bottom topography (No. 04–03; Technical Report). Faroese Fisheries Laboratory. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/31089084/Eliasen_2004_A_Mathematical_Model_of_the_Primary_Production_on_the_Faroe_Shelf_with_Cylinder_Bottom_Topography.pdf
í Jákupsstovu, S. H. & Nattestad Nolsøe, K. (2003). Workshop on ecosystem modelling of Faroese Waters, Tórshavn 24–26 September 2002(p. 95). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/47476096/Workshop_ecosystem.pdf
Kragesteen, T. J., Simonsen, K., Visser, A. W. & Andersen, K. H. (2018). Identifying salmon lice transmission characteristics between Faroese salmon farms. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 10, 49–60. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00252
Zeller, D. & Freire, K. (2002). A preliminary North-East Atlantic marine ecosystem model: the Faroe Islands and ICES Area Vb. In T. J. Pitcher & K. L. Cochrane (Eds.), The use of ecosystem models to investigate multispecies management strategies for capture Fisheries (No. 2; Vol. 10, pp. 39–45). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0348151
Aquaculture-and environment
Abrahamsen, H. I., Johannesen, T. T., Patursson, Ø., á Norði, G. & Simonsen, K. (2025). Wave-generated currents threaten aquaculture sites. Ocean Engineering, 334, 121574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121574
á Norði, G., Simonsen, K., Gaard, E. & Glud, R. N. (2010). Accumulation and mineralization of fish farming residuals in the benthic footprint area at two different farming locations in a Faroese Fjord (ICES CM 2010/J:02). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/CM-2010/J/J0210.pdf
á Norði, G. (2010). Impact of organic enrichment on the sediment biogeochemistry and overlying water quality in relation to fish farms in Faroese fjords [PhD thesis]. Náttúruvísindadeildin, Fróðskaparsetur Føroya.
á Norði, G., Glud, R. N., Gaard, E. & Simonsen, K. (2011). Environmental impacts of coastal fish farming: carbon and nitrogen budgets for trout farming in Kaldbaksfjørður (Faroe Islands). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 431, 223–241. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09113
á Norði, G. & Patursson, Ø. (2012). Influence of waves and current speed on resuspension of fish farm waste: Case study in Funningsfjørður, Faroe Islands (ICES CM 2012/Q:13). ICES. https://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/CM Doccuments/CM-2012/Q/Q1312.pdf
á Nordi, G., Simonsen, K., Danielsen, E., Eliasen, K., Mols-Mortensen, A., Christiansen, D. H., Steingrund, P. & others. (2015). Abundance and distribution of planktonic Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus in a fish farming region in the Faroe Islands. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 7(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00134
á Norði, G. & Patursson, Ø. (2017). Útbreiðsla av lús á Sørvágsfirði: Samanumtøka (No. 2017–16; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling.
Bak, U. G. (2014). Seaweed cultivation in the Faroe Islands – An investigation of the biochemical composition of selected macroalgal species, optimised seeding techniques, and open-ocean cultivation methods from a commercial perspective [PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark.]. https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/179022257/URD_THESIS_accepted_e_version_final.pdf
Bak, U. G., Nielsen, C. W., Marinho, G. S., Gregersen, Ó., Jónsdóttir, R. & Holdt, S. L. (2019). The seasonal variation in nitrogen, amino acid, protein and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors of commercially cultivated Faroese Saccharina latissima. Algal Research, 42, 101576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101576
Berg, M. (2019). Examination of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Faroese fish farms: with focus on eye darkening and parasites. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2019:04. University of the Faroe Islands.
Christiansen, D. H., Østergaard, P. S., Snow, M., Dale, O. B. & Falk, K. (2011). A low-pathogenic variant of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Faroe Islands. Journal of General Virology, 92(4), 909–918. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.027094-0
Danielsen, E. & á Norði, G. (2021). Blue mussel spat availability and settlement on longlines in a Faroese fjord (No. 2021–09; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6563039
Gaard, E., Hansen, B., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Dálking og oxygentrot á føroyskum gáttarfirðum. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 13–66). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Eru føroysku gáttarfirðirnir dálkaðir? In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 8–12). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., á Norði, G., Magnussen, E., Sørensen, J., Olsen, J., Dam, M. & Hansen, M. G. (2007). Frágreiðing um virksemi, Arbeiðsbólkurin “Firðir og dálking” 2005–2006. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41608509/Fir_ir_og_d_lking_-Virksemisfr_grei_ing_FD_2005-2006_7.3.07.pdf
Joensen, H. (2017). Multifaceted Approaches Against Salmon Louse, Workshop Report. NVDrit, 2017:16. University of the Faroe Islands. https://drive.reindex.net/FAOUTL/12/2017.16.pdf
Johannesen, Á., Patursson, Ø., Kristmundsson, J., Dam, S. P., Mulelid, M. & Klebert, P. (2022). Waves and currents decrease the available space in a salmon cage. Plos One, 17(2), e0263850. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263850
Jensen, F. & Patursson, E. J. (2011). Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Faroese Fjords: Biology and Farming potential. BSc Thesis. NVDrit, 2011:04. University of the Faroe Islands. https://setur.cdn.fo/media/6941/bsc-thesis-blue-mussel-mytilus-edulis-in-faroese-fjords-biology-and-farming-potential-finnger-jensen-esbern-joannes-patursson.pdf?s=ln4EkOafZZ4IHPBkKcgSZh-z1Xg
Kragesteen, T. J. (2019). Lice Management in Salmon Aquaculture: Using the Faroe Islands as a case site [PhD thesis, DTU Aqua]. https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/219380647/PhD_Thesis_Trondur_Kragsteen.pdf
Kragesteen, T. J., Simonsen, K., Visser, A. W. & Andersen, K. H. (2021). Estimation of external infection pressure and salmon-louse population growth rate in Faroese salmon farms. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 13, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00386
Larsen, K. M. H., Niclasen, B., á Norði, G., Olsen, E., Patursson, Ø. & Simonsen, K. (2020). Streymur og alda í umhvørvifyrisiting av firðum (No. 20–01; Smárit). Havstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/23859230/Streymur_og_alda_2020.pdf
Lüning, K. & Mortensen, L. (2015). European aquaculture of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) for food industries: iodine content and epiphytic animals as major problems. Botanica Marina, 58(6), 449–455. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2015-0036
Mols-Mortensen, A., Ortind, E. á. G., Jacobsen, C. & Holdt, S. L. (2017). Variation in growth, yield and protein concentration in Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) cultivated with different wave and current exposures in the Faroe Islands. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(5), 2277–2286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1169-4
Mortensen, K. (1990). Keldur til nitrogen, fosfor og lívrunnin evni í Skálafirði, Sundalagnum norðan fyri Streymin og Kaldbaksfirði. In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 287–309). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Niclasen, B. A. & Simonsen, K. (2009). Wave induced resuspension in fish farming areas of Suðuroy: an introductory model based investigation. NVDrit, 2009:03. University of the Faroe Islands. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/23875182/Niclasen_Simonsen_Wave_induced_resuspension_in_fish_farming.pdf
Patursson, E. J., Simonsen, K., Visser, A. W. & Patursson, Ø. (2017). Effect of exposure on salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis population dynamics in Faroese salmon farms. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 9, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00209
Østerø, S. L. & á Norði, G. (2022). Ecosystem services by blue mussels in a coastal area: A study with commercial fish farming and blue mussels in the Faroe Islands (No. 2022–05; Fiskaaling Rit). Fiskaaling. https://zenodo.org/records/7515449
Energy production
Gaard, E., Hansen, M. G., Heinesen, S., Jacobsen, H. & Magnussen, E. (2005). Árinskanning av Funningsfirði í sambandi við vatnorkuútbygging hjá SEV: Ávegisfrágreiðing. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Data Quality, SEV, Fróðskaparsetur Føroya. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41601815/ArinskanningAvFunningsfirdiISambandVidVatnorkuutbyggingHjaSEV.pdf
Mikladal, P. A. (2008). Sustainable energy in the Faroe Islands – the role of hydropower. Ministry of the Interior, Faroe Islands. http://cdn.lms.fo/media/4657/burðadygga-el-orka.pdf
Simonsen, K. & Niclasen, B. A. (2021). Analysis of the energy potential of tidal streams on the Faroe Shelf. Renewable Energy, 163, 836–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.123
Joensen, B., Niclasen, B. A. & Bingham, H. B. (2021). Wave power assessment in Faroese waters using an oceanic to nearshore scale spectral wave model. Energy, 235, 121404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121404
Pollution
Albert, C., Bråthen, V. S., Descamps, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Cherenkov, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Danielsen, J. & others. (2021). Inter-annual variation in winter distribution affects individual seabird contamination with mercury. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 676, 243–254. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13793
Albert, C., Helgason, H. H., Brault-Favrou, M., Robertson, G. J., Descamps, S., Amélineau, F., Danielsen, J. & others. (2021). Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 750, 142201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142201
Bossi, R., Riget, F. F., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Fauser, P., Dam, M. & Vorkamp, K. (2005). Preliminary screening of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other fluorochemicals in fish, birds and marine mammals from Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Environmental Pollution, 136(2), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.020
Braaten, B. (1992). Impact of pollution from aquaculture in six Nordic countries: Release of nutrients, effects, and wastewater treatment. In N. De Pauw & J. Joyce (Eds.), Aquaculture and the Environment: Reviews of the International Conference Aquaculture Europe ’91, Dublin, Ireland, June 10-12, 1991 (No. 16; pp. 79–101). European Aquaculture Society. https://marineinfo.org/en/imis?page=reserve&refid=14616&instid=330195 (Non-open access)
Bustamante, P., Morales, C. F., Mikkelsen, B., Dam, M. & Caurant, F. (2004). Trace element bioaccumulation in grey seals Halichoerus grypus from the Faroe Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 267, 291–301. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps267291
Dam, M. (1998). Hvad spiser tejst, edderfugl og top-skarv på Færøerne, og hvad er indholdet af miljøgifte i disse? (1998:2). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. https://umhvorvisstovan.net.dynamicweb-cms.com/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/1995__1999/Hvad+spiser+tejst+mm.pdf
Dam, M. (1998). Målinger af miljøgifte i et udvalg af indikatorarter i det færøske marine miljø (1998:1). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. https://www.bbs.fo/work/work-of:800010-katalog:99122792037705763?type=bog
Dam, M. (2000). Integrated ecological monitoring in the coastal zone: Environmental Pollutants. Faroe Islands (2000:2). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. http://www.matrikul.fo/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/2000/Integrated_Ecological_Monitoring_in_the_Coastal_Zone._Environmental_pollutants._Faroe_Island.pdf
Dam, M. (2004). Mercury in the Faroe Islands – a review of available data. Fróðskaparrit, 52, 85–133. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/564
Dam, M. & Danielsen, J. (2002). Havnarvág 2002 – ein kanning av dálkingarstøðuni á Havnarvág og Yviri við Strond á sumri 2002 (p. 74). Tórshavnar kommuna, tekniska deild. http://www.torshavn.fo/data/attachments/1815A45BE5FF-11D6-9CC6-00508B8BF412/6BD78214-3FE1-48F4-B128-803E93E45E80.pdf
Dam, M., Hoydal, K. & Jensen, J. K. (2004). Mercury in liver, eggs and feather of Black guillemot Cepphus grylle faeroensis in the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit, 52, 73–84. https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/563
Dam, M., Mikkelsen, B. & Jensen, J. K. (2001). Organochlorinated pollutants in fulmars from the Faroe Islands [Techreport]. Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Dam, M., Mikkelsen, B. & Jensen, J. K. (2002). Umhvørviseitri í havhesti. Frøði, 1/2002, 26–28. https://www.jenskjeld.info/artikler/Umhvoerviseitur_i_havhesti_froedi_2002.pdf
Dam, M., Mikkelsen, B., Jensen, J.-K. & Reinert, J. (2002). Concentration of environmental pollutants in fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Faroe Islands. The second AMAP International symposium on Environmental Pollutions of the Arctic, Article 2.
Dam, M., Vestergaard, T., Gaard, E., Hansen, B. & Joensen, J. P. (1997). Føroya Umhvørvi í tølnum 1997 (p. 71). Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin, Náttúrugripsavnið og Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Förlin, L., Baden, S. P., Eriksson, S., Granmo, Å., Lindesjöö, E., Magnusson, K., Ekelund, R., Esselin, A. & Sturve, J. (1996). Effects of contaminants in roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and contaminant levels in mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the Skagerrak and Kattegat compared to the Faroe Islands. Journal of Sea Research, 35(1-3), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(96)90748-0
Gaard, E., Mortensen, K., Poulsen, M. & Nørrevang, A. (1990). Eru føroysku gáttarfirðirnir dálkaðir? In B. Hansen, A. Kristiansen & J. Reinert (Eds.), Fiskirannsóknir (No. 6; pp. 8–12). Fiskirannsóknarstovan. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/42524330/Fiskirannsoknir_6.pdf
Gaard, E., Hansen, M. G., Heinesen, S., Jacobsen, H. & Magnussen, E. (2005). Árinskanning av Funningsfirði í sambandi við vatnorkuútbygging hjá SEV: Ávegisfrágreiðing. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Data Quality, SEV, Fróðskaparsetur Føroya. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41601815/ArinskanningAvFunningsfirdiISambandVidVatnorkuutbyggingHjaSEV.pdf
Gaard, E., á Norði, G., Magnussen, E., Sørensen, J., Olsen, J., Dam, M. & Hansen, M. G. (2007). Frágreiðing um virksemi, Arbeiðsbólkurin “Firðir og dálking” 2005–2006. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin, Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin. https://www.pure.fo/ws/portalfiles/portal/41608509/Fir_ir_og_d_lking_-Virksemisfr_grei_ing_FD_2005-2006_7.3.07.pdf
Gregersen, H., Dam, M., Gaard, E., Vestergaard, T., Mørkøre, H., Mørkøre, B. & Joensen, J. P. (2000). Føroya Umhvørvi í tølnum 1999. Fiskirannsóknarstovan, Náttúruvísindadeildin, Náttúrugripsavnið og Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan.
Hoydal, K. (2004). Background levels of oil-derived pollution in fish and invertebrates from the coastal zone around the Faroe Islands. Biomarker analyses in fish and analyses of PAH and metals in invertebrates [MS Thesis, University of Copenhagen]. https://umhvorvisstovan.net.dynamicweb-cms.com/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/2004/Background_levels_of_oil-derived_pollution_in_fish_and_invertebrates_from_the_coastal_zone_around_Faroe_Island.pdf
Hoydal, K. (2004). Coastal baseline – Exposure and effects of PAH in the coastal zone around the Faroe Islands [Techreport]. Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan. https://umhvorvisstovan.net.dynamicweb-cms.com/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=Files/Filer/US/utgavur/2004/Coastal_Baseline.pdf
Hoydal, K. & Dam, M. (2004). Føroya Umhvørvi í Tølnum 2003 (2004:2). Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. https://hfs.fo/webcenter/ShowProperty?nodeId=%2Fhfs2-cs%2FHFS017892%2F%2FidcPrimaryFile&revision=latestreleased
Hoydal, K. & Dam, M. (2005). AMAP Faroe Islands Heavy Metals and POPs Core programme 2004 (Report no. 2005:2). Heilsufrøðiliga starvsstovan. https://www.toxic-menu.org/archive-suigin-iranai-jp/docs/Faroe Islands Heavy Metals Study.pdf
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