Maturation, reproduction and early life history of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters
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Published
Jan 11, 2017
Lise H. Ofstad
Torstein Petersen
Petur Steingrund
Abstract
Maturation, reproduction and early life history of Lophius piscatorius was investigated in Faroese waters. Length at first maturity (L50) was 58 cm for males and 84 cm for females, corresponding to an age of about four years for males and seven years for females. The proportions of females and males were similar in fish less than 55 cm long, and were skewed towards more males in medium sized fish (55–75 cm). Females were predominant in the larger fish (> 85 cm). Observations of spawning males and females, egg ribbons and pelagic anglerfish larvae, suggest that the main spawning season is from February to April and the spawning area seems to be southwest of the Faroe Plateau and in the Faroe Bank area. The Faroe Plateau probably serves as a nursery ground for juvenile anglerfish. Morphological transformation from larvae to juveniles occurred when the fish were about 7–9 cm long and they settled to the bottom when they were about 11 cm long. Thus, all life stages, as well as nursery areas, spawning areas and feeding areas of anglerfish are found in Faroese waters, indicating a separate stock in the area.
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References
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Bjelland, O. and Asplin, L. 2007. Are Nor wegian fjords important spawning areas for anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)? ICES Document CM 2007/K:16. Abstract.
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Campana, S.E., Smith, S.J. and Hurley, P.C.F. 1989. A driftretention dichotomy for larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) spawned on Browns Bank. Canadian Jour nal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46 (Suppl. 1): 93–102.
Caruso, J.H. 1983. The systematics and dis tribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1: 11–30.
Cowan, J.H. and Shaw, R.F. 2002. Recruitment. In Fishery Science. The unique contribution of early life stages. (Ed.) Fuiman, L.A.and Werner, R.G. Blackwell Science. 325 pp.
Cowen, R.K., Lwiza, K.M.M., Sponaugle, S., Paris, C.B. and Olson, D.B. 2000. Con nectivity of Marine Populations: Open or Closed? Science 287: 857–859.
Crawley, M.J. 2005. Statistics: An introduction using R. Great Britain. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 327 pp.
Duarte, R., Azevedo, M., Landa, J. and Pereda, P. 2001. Reproduction of anglerfish (Lophius budegassa Spinola and Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus) from the Atlantic Iberian coast. Fisheries Research 51: 349–361.
Fariña, A.C., Azevedo, M., Landa, J., Duarte, R., Sampedro, P., Costas, G., Torres, M.A. and Cañás, L. 2008. Lophius in the world: a synthesis on the common features and life strategies. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1272–1280.
Fulton, T.W. 1903. The distribution, growth, and food of the angler, Lophius piscatorius. Twentyfirst Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Part III: 186–217.
Gaard, E. and Reinert, J. 2002. Pelagic cod and haddock juveniles on the Faroe Plateau: distribution, diets and feeding habitats, 1994–1996. Sarsia 87(3): 193–206.
Gaard, E. and Steingrund, P. 2001. Repro duction of the Faroe Plateau cod: Spawning ground, egg advection and larval feeding. Fróðskaparrit 48: 87–103.
Hansen, B., Stefánsson, U. and Svendsen, E. 1998. Iceland, Faroe and Norwegian Coasts. In The Sea, Regional Studies and Syntheses, Volume 11, pp. 733–758. (ed.) Robinson, A.R. and Brink. K.H. Harvard (USA): Harvard University Press. 1090 pp.
Hilborn, R. and Walters, C.J. 1992. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. Chapman & Hall, London. Volume 2, Number 2: 177–178. Hislop, J.R.G., Gallego, A., Heath, M.R.,
Kennedy, F.M., Reeves, S.A. and Wright, P.J. 2001. A synthesis of the early life history of the anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius (Linnaeus, 1758) in northern British waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 58: 70–86.
Homrum, E. í., Hansen, B., Steingrund, P. and Hátún H. 2012. Growth, maturation, diet and distribution of saithe (Pollachius virens) in Faroese waters (NE Atlantic). Marine Biology Research 8: 246–254.
ICES. 2007. Report of the Working Group on the Assessment of Northern Shelf Demersal Stocks (WGNSDS). ICES Document CM 2007/ACFM: 22. 853 pp.
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ICES. 2009. Report of the Workshop on Anglerfish and Megrim (WKAGME). ICES Document CM 2009/ACOM: 28. 112 pp.
ICES. 2012. Report of the NorthWestern Working Group (NWWG), 26 April – 3 May 2012, ICES Headquarters, Copenhagen. ICES CM 2012/ACOM:07. 1425 pp.
Iles, T.D. and Sinclair, M. 1982. Atlantic Herring: Stock Discreteness and Abun dance. Science, New Series 215, No. 4533: 627–633.
Joensen, J.S. and Tåning, Å.V. 1970. Marine and Freshwater Fishes. In: The Zoology of the Faroes, Vol III, Part I, LXII–LXIII: 199–200. (ed.). Spärck, R. and Tuxen. S.L. Copenhagen. 241 pp.
Landa, J., Duarte, R. and Quincoces, I. 2008. Growth of white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) tagged in the Northeast Atlantic and a review of age studies on anglerfish.
ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 72–80. Laurenson, C.H. 2003. Aspects of the biology and fishery for monkfish Lophius piscatorius Linneaus 1758, in waters around the Shetland Isles, Northeastern Atlantic. PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen, Dept. of Zoology. 306 pp.
Laurenson, C.H., Dobby, H., McLay, H.A. and Leslie, B. 2008. Biological features of the Lophius piscatorius catch in Scottish waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1281–1290.
Laurenson, C.H., Johnson, A. and Priede, I.G. 2005. Movements and growth of monkfish Lophius piscatorius tagged at the Shetland Islands, Northeastern Atlantic. Fisheries Research 71: 185–195.
Lebour, M. V. 1925. Young anglers in captivity and some of their enemies. A study in a plunger jar. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 13: 721–734.
Magnussen, E. 2002. Demersal fish assemblages of Faroe Bank: species composition, distri bution, biomass spectrum and diversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 238: 211–225, 2002
Murua, H. and SaboridoRey, F. 2003. Female Reproductive Strategies of Marine Fish Species of the North Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 33: 23–31.
Ofstad, L.H., Angus, C., Pedersen, T. and Steingrund, P. 2013. Age and growth of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters. Fisheries Research 139: 51–60. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.011.
Ofstad, L.H. and Laurenson, C.H. 2007. Biology of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters. ICES Document CM 2007/K: 07. 16 p.
Ofstad, L.H., Steingrund, P. and Pedersen, T. In prep. Seasonal onshoreoffshore migration and distribution of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters.
O'Sullivan, M., Wright, P.J., Vespoor, E., Knox, D. and Piertney, S. 2005. Absence of spatial and temporal genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in the north east Atlantic anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius). Journal of Fish Biology 69: 261.
Quincoces, I., Santurtún, M. and Lucio, P. 1998. Biological aspects of white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in the Bay of Biscay (ICES Division VIIIa, b, d), in 1996–1997. ICES Document CM 1998/O:48. 29 pp.
Richards, R.A., Nitschke, P.C. and Sosebee, K.A. 2008. Population biology of monkfish Lophius americanus. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1291–1305.
Russell, F.S. 1976. The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. Academic Press, London. 542 pp.
Sigurðsson, Þ. and Magnússon, Á. 2012. State of Marine Stocks in Icelandic Waters 2011/2012 Prospects for the Quota Year 2012/2013. Marine Research Institute. Hafrannsóknir 163. 186 pp.
Solmundsson, J., Jonsson, E. and Bjornsson, H. 2010. Phase transition in recruitment and distribution of monkfish (Lophius piscatorius) in Icelandic waters. Marine Biology 157: 295–305.
Staalesen, B.I. 1995. Breiflabb (Lophius piscatorius L.) langs norskekysten. Cand. Scient Thesis, University of Bergen. 88 pp. (In Norwegian, summary in English)
Steingrund, P., Mouritsen, R., Reinert, J., Gaard, E. and Hátún, H. 2010. Total stock size and cannibalism regulate recruitment in cod (Gadus morhua) on the Faroe Plateau. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67: 111–124.
Steingrund, P. and Ofstad, L.H. 2010. Density dependent distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) into deep waters on the Faroe Plateau. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67: 102–110.
Stephenson, R.L., Melvin, G.D. and Power, M.J. 2009. Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1733–1739.
Thangstad, T., Bjelland, O., Nederaas, K.H., Jónsson, E., Laurenson, C.H. and Ofstad, L.H. 2006. Anglerfish (Lophius spp.) in Nordic waters. TemaNord 2006:570. 162 pp. Thomsen, E. 2005. Brachiopodsubstrate relationships on the continental shelf of the Faroe Islands (NE Atlantic). Biofar Proceedings: 195–201.
Tåning, Å.V. 1943. Lophius. In Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908–1910 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas. Biology. Vol II. 30 pp.
Woll, A., Staalesen, B. I. and Nederaas, K. H. 1995. The development of a new gillnet fishery for anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in Norwegian waters; Biological para meters, selectivity in size and sex ratios for gillnets with 300 and 360 mm mesh sizes. ICES Document CM 1995/G:12. 11 pp.
Bjelland, O. and Asplin, L. 2007. Are Nor wegian fjords important spawning areas for anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius)? ICES Document CM 2007/K:16. Abstract.
Bowman, A. 1920. The eggs and larvae of the angler Lophius piscatorius L. in Scottich waters. Reports of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Scientific Investigations for 1919. 11: 1–55.
Campana, S.E., Smith, S.J. and Hurley, P.C.F. 1989. A driftretention dichotomy for larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) spawned on Browns Bank. Canadian Jour nal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46 (Suppl. 1): 93–102.
Caruso, J.H. 1983. The systematics and dis tribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1: 11–30.
Cowan, J.H. and Shaw, R.F. 2002. Recruitment. In Fishery Science. The unique contribution of early life stages. (Ed.) Fuiman, L.A.and Werner, R.G. Blackwell Science. 325 pp.
Cowen, R.K., Lwiza, K.M.M., Sponaugle, S., Paris, C.B. and Olson, D.B. 2000. Con nectivity of Marine Populations: Open or Closed? Science 287: 857–859.
Crawley, M.J. 2005. Statistics: An introduction using R. Great Britain. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 327 pp.
Duarte, R., Azevedo, M., Landa, J. and Pereda, P. 2001. Reproduction of anglerfish (Lophius budegassa Spinola and Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus) from the Atlantic Iberian coast. Fisheries Research 51: 349–361.
Fariña, A.C., Azevedo, M., Landa, J., Duarte, R., Sampedro, P., Costas, G., Torres, M.A. and Cañás, L. 2008. Lophius in the world: a synthesis on the common features and life strategies. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1272–1280.
Fulton, T.W. 1903. The distribution, growth, and food of the angler, Lophius piscatorius. Twentyfirst Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Part III: 186–217.
Gaard, E. and Reinert, J. 2002. Pelagic cod and haddock juveniles on the Faroe Plateau: distribution, diets and feeding habitats, 1994–1996. Sarsia 87(3): 193–206.
Gaard, E. and Steingrund, P. 2001. Repro duction of the Faroe Plateau cod: Spawning ground, egg advection and larval feeding. Fróðskaparrit 48: 87–103.
Hansen, B., Stefánsson, U. and Svendsen, E. 1998. Iceland, Faroe and Norwegian Coasts. In The Sea, Regional Studies and Syntheses, Volume 11, pp. 733–758. (ed.) Robinson, A.R. and Brink. K.H. Harvard (USA): Harvard University Press. 1090 pp.
Hilborn, R. and Walters, C.J. 1992. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. Chapman & Hall, London. Volume 2, Number 2: 177–178. Hislop, J.R.G., Gallego, A., Heath, M.R.,
Kennedy, F.M., Reeves, S.A. and Wright, P.J. 2001. A synthesis of the early life history of the anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius (Linnaeus, 1758) in northern British waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 58: 70–86.
Homrum, E. í., Hansen, B., Steingrund, P. and Hátún H. 2012. Growth, maturation, diet and distribution of saithe (Pollachius virens) in Faroese waters (NE Atlantic). Marine Biology Research 8: 246–254.
ICES. 2007. Report of the Working Group on the Assessment of Northern Shelf Demersal Stocks (WGNSDS). ICES Document CM 2007/ACFM: 22. 853 pp.
ICES. 2008. Report of the Workshop on Maturity Ogive Estimation for Stock Assessment (WKMOG), 3–6 June 2008, Lisbon, Portugal. ICES Document CM 2008/ACOM:33. 72 pp.
ICES. 2009. Report of the Workshop on Anglerfish and Megrim (WKAGME). ICES Document CM 2009/ACOM: 28. 112 pp.
ICES. 2012. Report of the NorthWestern Working Group (NWWG), 26 April – 3 May 2012, ICES Headquarters, Copenhagen. ICES CM 2012/ACOM:07. 1425 pp.
Iles, T.D. and Sinclair, M. 1982. Atlantic Herring: Stock Discreteness and Abun dance. Science, New Series 215, No. 4533: 627–633.
Joensen, J.S. and Tåning, Å.V. 1970. Marine and Freshwater Fishes. In: The Zoology of the Faroes, Vol III, Part I, LXII–LXIII: 199–200. (ed.). Spärck, R. and Tuxen. S.L. Copenhagen. 241 pp.
Landa, J., Duarte, R. and Quincoces, I. 2008. Growth of white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) tagged in the Northeast Atlantic and a review of age studies on anglerfish.
ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 72–80. Laurenson, C.H. 2003. Aspects of the biology and fishery for monkfish Lophius piscatorius Linneaus 1758, in waters around the Shetland Isles, Northeastern Atlantic. PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen, Dept. of Zoology. 306 pp.
Laurenson, C.H., Dobby, H., McLay, H.A. and Leslie, B. 2008. Biological features of the Lophius piscatorius catch in Scottish waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1281–1290.
Laurenson, C.H., Johnson, A. and Priede, I.G. 2005. Movements and growth of monkfish Lophius piscatorius tagged at the Shetland Islands, Northeastern Atlantic. Fisheries Research 71: 185–195.
Lebour, M. V. 1925. Young anglers in captivity and some of their enemies. A study in a plunger jar. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 13: 721–734.
Magnussen, E. 2002. Demersal fish assemblages of Faroe Bank: species composition, distri bution, biomass spectrum and diversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 238: 211–225, 2002
Murua, H. and SaboridoRey, F. 2003. Female Reproductive Strategies of Marine Fish Species of the North Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 33: 23–31.
Ofstad, L.H., Angus, C., Pedersen, T. and Steingrund, P. 2013. Age and growth of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters. Fisheries Research 139: 51–60. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.011.
Ofstad, L.H. and Laurenson, C.H. 2007. Biology of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters. ICES Document CM 2007/K: 07. 16 p.
Ofstad, L.H., Steingrund, P. and Pedersen, T. In prep. Seasonal onshoreoffshore migration and distribution of anglerfish Lophius piscatorius in Faroese waters.
O'Sullivan, M., Wright, P.J., Vespoor, E., Knox, D. and Piertney, S. 2005. Absence of spatial and temporal genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in the north east Atlantic anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius). Journal of Fish Biology 69: 261.
Quincoces, I., Santurtún, M. and Lucio, P. 1998. Biological aspects of white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in the Bay of Biscay (ICES Division VIIIa, b, d), in 1996–1997. ICES Document CM 1998/O:48. 29 pp.
Richards, R.A., Nitschke, P.C. and Sosebee, K.A. 2008. Population biology of monkfish Lophius americanus. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1291–1305.
Russell, F.S. 1976. The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. Academic Press, London. 542 pp.
Sigurðsson, Þ. and Magnússon, Á. 2012. State of Marine Stocks in Icelandic Waters 2011/2012 Prospects for the Quota Year 2012/2013. Marine Research Institute. Hafrannsóknir 163. 186 pp.
Solmundsson, J., Jonsson, E. and Bjornsson, H. 2010. Phase transition in recruitment and distribution of monkfish (Lophius piscatorius) in Icelandic waters. Marine Biology 157: 295–305.
Staalesen, B.I. 1995. Breiflabb (Lophius piscatorius L.) langs norskekysten. Cand. Scient Thesis, University of Bergen. 88 pp. (In Norwegian, summary in English)
Steingrund, P., Mouritsen, R., Reinert, J., Gaard, E. and Hátún, H. 2010. Total stock size and cannibalism regulate recruitment in cod (Gadus morhua) on the Faroe Plateau. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67: 111–124.
Steingrund, P. and Ofstad, L.H. 2010. Density dependent distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) into deep waters on the Faroe Plateau. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67: 102–110.
Stephenson, R.L., Melvin, G.D. and Power, M.J. 2009. Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 1733–1739.
Thangstad, T., Bjelland, O., Nederaas, K.H., Jónsson, E., Laurenson, C.H. and Ofstad, L.H. 2006. Anglerfish (Lophius spp.) in Nordic waters. TemaNord 2006:570. 162 pp. Thomsen, E. 2005. Brachiopodsubstrate relationships on the continental shelf of the Faroe Islands (NE Atlantic). Biofar Proceedings: 195–201.
Tåning, Å.V. 1943. Lophius. In Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908–1910 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas. Biology. Vol II. 30 pp.
Woll, A., Staalesen, B. I. and Nederaas, K. H. 1995. The development of a new gillnet fishery for anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in Norwegian waters; Biological para meters, selectivity in size and sex ratios for gillnets with 300 and 360 mm mesh sizes. ICES Document CM 1995/G:12. 11 pp.
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