Direct Democracy in the Faroe Islands. A comparative study of referendums in a Faroese context. / Beinleiðis fólkaræði í Føroyum. Ein samanberandi rannsókn av fólkaatkvøðum í einum føroyskum høpi

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Published Feb 20, 2018
Hans Andrias Sølvará

Abstract

Abstract: There have been 14 referendums in the Faroe Islands about very different issues. In this paper these referendums will be analysed in relation to the use of referendums in the Faroe Islands – from the perspective of the political system as well as from the view of the voter. A comparison will be made with similar referendums in Denmark, Iceland and Australia. An attempt to classify Faroese referendums in accordance with international research will also be done. The conclusion in the article is 1) that historical and cultural conditions, especially the Danish Faroese relations, have influenced several of these referendums, even referendums that are not about these issues, 2) that referendums in the Faroe Islands haven’t always been well prepared by the political authorities, 3) that party politics usually have significant influence and 4) that the majority of the voters usually have used the vote to demonstrate against the more or less party politically biased intentions of the political majority that often have been underlying Faroese referendums. Generally speaking, this article concludes that if referendums are to be a real successful alternative to representative democratic deci­sion-making then they have to be preceded by negotiations where both – all – relevant oppos­ing sides agree on the referendum terms. This is especially very important when it comes to definitive referendums on secession.

Úrtak: Tað hava verið 14 fólkaatkvøður um nógv ym­isk viðurskifti í Føroyum. Í greinini verður hugt eftir hesum fólkaatkvøðunum við atliti at hvussu fólkaatkvøður hava verið brúktar í Før­oyum, bæði tá tað snýr seg um politisku skip­anina og veljararnar. Samanborið verður eisini við líknandi fólkaatkvøður í Danmark, Íslandi og Avstralia. Eisini verður roynt at flokka tær føroysku fólkaatkvøðurnar við støði í altjóða gransking. Niðurstøðan í greinini er, 1) at søgulig og mentanarlig viðurskifti, serstakliga viðurskiftini millum Danmark og Føroyar, hava havt týdning fyri fleiri av hesum fólka­at­kvøðum, eisini fyri summar, ið ikki snúgva seg um hesi viðurskifti, 2) at fólkaatkvøður í Før­oy­um ikki altíð hava verið so væl fyriskipaðar av politisku skipanini, 3) at ofta hevur parta­politikkur havt nógv at siga og 4) at meirilutin av veljarunum hevur ofta brúkt sína atkvøðu til at atkvøða í móti teimum meira ella minni parta­politisku ætlanunum, sum hava ligið aft­an­fyri hesar fólkaatkvøður. Almenna niðurstøðan er, at skulu fólka­at­kvøð­ur vera eitt veruligt alternativ til um­boð­andi demokratiska støðutakan, so mugu tær grund­ast á frammanundan førdar samráðingar, har báðir – allar – viðkomandi stríðandi partar góð­taka sjálvar treytirnar undir fólkaatkvøðuni. Hetta er serliga av stórum týdningi, tá talan er um avgerandi fólkaatkvøður um fullveldi.

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